Transcript Date: 2/9/15

Unit Table of Contents
Pg
Title
Date
1
WWI Vocab
2/2
2
Pre-WWI Map
2/2
3
Causes of WWI
2/3
4
WWI Preview
2/3
5
Neutrality to War
2/3
6
Course and Conduct
2/5
7
Homefront
2/5
8
Course and Conduct PPT
2/9
Date: 2/9/15
Activity: Course & Conduct
Warm Up: List 2-3 effects
of WWI.
Homework:
*Homefront due tomorrow
THE COURSE AND
CONDUCT OF WWI
Before U.S. Entry Into War
• Between 1914 and 1916 the Central Powers (Germany,
Austria-Hungry, Ottoman empire) and the Allies (U.K.,
France, Russia, Italy) fought a number of bloody battles
• The war was being fought on two fronts
Before U.S. Entry into War Cont.
• By early 1917, the war was going badly for the Allies
• Their armies had suffered several major defeats and lost
many men
• Even victories like the battle of Passchendaele were very
costly (300,000 casualties)
New Technologies Changed the Way War
is Fought
• The Industrial Revolution created many new
advancements in warfare
• War became more impersonal
• War also became more deadly
They were used for defensive purposes
because they were too heavy to carry.
Eventually this weapon was mounted to
planes and warships.
Large cannons known as howitzers changed how war was
fought. They were loaded with dozens of small lead balls or
poison gas.
They could knock through barbed wire and knock out enemy
machine guns nests.
Shells weighing 2,100 lbs could be fired more than 9 miles
To avoid being killed by machine guns and large
artillery guns soldiers dug trenches.
The 250 yards between enemy trenches became
known as “no man’s land.”
The trench system led to a stalemate.
Helped end the stalemate caused by trenches.
Soldiers could drive tanks over barbed wire and
crush other treacherous materials.
Allied Powers were much quicker to manufacture
more tanks and them to attack Germany trenches.
Germany developed a flamethrower that would
be used to attack nearby trenches.
Chemical weapons such as mustard gas and chlorine
gas was used to clear enemy trenches.
Planes were used to scout enemy positions until
German engineers built a device that timed the firing
of a machine gun with the rotation of a plane’s
propeller.
Air combat became a serious threat.
• The Germans and the British fought a major naval battle but
neither won a clear victory.
• Battleships were used to stop supplies from coming into
Germany.
• Battleships are used as part of the convoy system
Submarines sank 1,000 ships carrying supplies and
weapons. U-boats gave Germany an advantage
over the British battleship
The convoy system was created to combat U-boat
attacks
Technological Advances
• All of the technological advances led to a deadlier
war for soldiers and civilians
Russian Revolution
• In March 1917, Nicholas II abdicates (leaves) his throne,
• In October 1917: Lenin and the Bolsheviks take
command: The Soviet Union is created.
• March 1918: Soviets and Germans sign the Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk, ending the war in the East.
End of Fighting on the Eastern Front
• The Russian Revolution and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
ends the fighting in the East
• Germany was now free to throw all of its troop into the war
on the western front
American Expeditionary Force
AEF
• June 1917; First Americans
troops landed in France to
help the Allies
General John J. Pershing
• General of the AEF
• Insisted his men stay with the
AEF and not fill in for lost
soldiers in the Allied forces
• He didn’t agree with Allied
strategy of defensive war
from the trenches
• If the AEF did well as a
separate army they would
have a bigger role in the
peacemaking process after
the war.
Unit Table of Contents
Pg
Title
Date
1
WWI Vocab
2/2
Date: 2/10/15
2
Pre-WWI Map
2/2
Activity: Homefront
3
Causes of WWI
2/3
4
WWI Preview
2/3
5
Neutrality to War
2/3
6
Course and Conduct
2/5
7
Homefront
2/5
8
Course and Conduct PPT
2/9
Warm Up:How did the US
contribute to the war effort
once we were involved in
WWI?
How did we sell it?
Homework:
WWI Vocab Quiz Friday 2/13
German Spring Offensive of 1918
• With Russia out of the war, Germany begins their final
push
• German troops advance to within 50 miles of Paris
• Around 300,000 American troops a month were arriving in
Europe by this time
Second Battle of the Marne
• July 15th – Aug. 5 1918
• American forces join French and British Forces
• The Allied forces are able to halt the German advance
• Soon after, the Allied forces counterattacked, the German
troops fallback
Chateau Thierry, Belleau Woods
• One of the first battles by the AEF
• Part of the 2nd Battle of the Marne
• 5th and 6th Marine Regiments help turn back the German
Advance
• Marine Captain Lloyd Williams when told by a French
Officer to withdraw, "Retreat? Hell, we just got here!"
Meuse Argonne Offensive
September 1918
• The AEF’s goal was to
break through the German
line to reach the Sedan
railroad to northern
France.
• This rail line was the
German Army’s main line
of supply and
communication with
Germany.
Meuse Argonne Offensive Cont.
• After 6 weeks of hard
fighting through the
Argonne Forest, the
Americans achieved their
objective.
• Armistice signed
November 11, 1918
• WWI was finally over
Casualties
*More than 8 million
soldiers had died
*21 million were
injured
•millions of European
civilians also died
from starvation,
disease, and other
war-related causes
(The U.S. suffered
116,000 killed
Effects of the War
Effects of the War
Property
• *War destroyed roads,
bridges, railroad lines,
and other
transportation facilities.
Effects of the War
Emotional
• Cost to the human spirit-
people felt disillusioned
from the experience of
war
• people questioned the
long-held beliefs about
the glories of Western
civilization and the
nobility of war.