Transcript French Rev Reviewx - Lakeland Regional High School

Chapter 20, Sections 3-4
Big Reading Packet
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Reign of Terror
Creation of Directory (Constitution of 1795)
Death of Napoleon
Overthrow of the Directory
Limited Monarchy created (Constitution of
1791)
Monarchs executed
Napoleon becomes 1st Consul
Napoleon crowns himself emperor
Napoleon escapes exile and ‘100 Days’ starts
Storming of the Bastille
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1789 - Storming of the Bastille
1791 - Limited Monarchy created (Constitution of 1791)
1793 - Monarchs executed
1793-1794 – Reign of Terror
1795 - Creation of Directory (Constitution of 1795)
1799 – Napoleon overthrows the Directory
1802 - Napoleon becomes 1st Consul for Life
1804 - Napoleon crowns himself emperor
1815 - Napoleon escapes exile and ‘100 Days’ starts
1821 - Death of Napoleon
1st Phase = Moderate Phase of the National Assembly
2nd Phase =Escalating Violence/The Reign of Terror
Where? Versailles, France, Tennis Court; Paris,
Bastille;
When? 1789-1791, June 1789 (Tennis Court Oath)
14th of July (Bastille Day)
Who? The three estates, part of the Old Regime, The
National Assembly, Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette,
Huguenots
What? The Tennis Court Oath, The Constitutional
Monarchy, Declaration of the Rights of Man, The
Relics of Feudalism (Estate system), Civil Constitution
of the Clergy, Falling of Bastille, the Fear
Why? Voting rights of the Third Estate, Need for
Constitution, New rights/eliminate the social betters,
inflation, lavish spending/deficit spending, Versailles,
unfair taxation, Huguenots, Enlightenment
Where? The tulliares/Paris, Versailles, Lyon
When? September 1792-1794
Who? Maximilion Robespierre, The National
Convention (appointed the COPS) Jacobins, Marie
Antoinette, George Danton, Marat-People’s friend,
Louis XVI
What? The Friend of the People, Flight and Execution
of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, National
Convention created, Reign of Terror, French plague,
Guillotine, Declarations of war, changing of calendar
Why? Louis attempts to escape, seen as a traitor to
revolution; fear of internal enemies to rev;
4th Phase =Age of Napoleon
Where? Europe, Russia, Austria, France
When? 1799-1814/1815
3rd Phase =Period of Reaction against Extremist
Who? Napoleon,
Where? Paris,
What? Established peace w/ church, Codification of
When? 1795-1799
Law, Abdicates 1814=exile to Elba, 1815-abdicates
Who? 5 man Directory, Robespierre, Marat
again=exiled to St. Helena, battle of Waterloo, Battle
What? Robespierre killed, Marat killed, Not effective,
of the Nations, creation of an empire, invasion of
no change
Russia.
Why? Tired of being afraid of gov, Tired of
Why? People tired of inefficient government, Create
executions, Robespierre executed, directory=corrupt
order, spread of Enlightenment ideas,
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Absolute Monarchy (Louis XVI, -- 1791)
Constitutional Monarchy (Louis XVI &
Legislative Assembly, 1791-1793 –
Constitution of 1791)
Republic (National Convention/C.O.P.S, 17931795)
Weak Republic (Directory, 1795-1799)
Consulate – Empire (Napoleon, 1799-1815)
Constitutional Monarchy (Louis XVIII, 1815 -- )
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy was passed by the Constitution of
1791 in order to bring the Church under state control. It made clergy
members accountable to the people by requiring them to be elected,
salaried officials. The Civil Constitution is often considered a mistake
because it caused people to choose between supporting the Revolution
and following their religion/God.
As an absolute monarch, Louis XVI inherited his throne and ruled by Divine
Right. He had no accountability to the people and could do whatever he
wanted. Ceremonies, like the Levee, existed to stress his importance.
Despite this, he was considered a weak king would was easily swayed,
which contributed to the financial crisis in France.
The Tennis Court Oath was established by the representatives of the Third
Estate to the Estates General found their meeting hall locked by Louis XVI
and they decided to meet in an indoor tennis court. They took an oath
declaring themselves the National Assembly and affirmed their goal of
creating a constitution for France.
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
Food Shortages, Heavy taxes, Foreign wars, etc…
The Storming of the Bastille was significant because it was the first violent
act of revolution and is considered the spark of the French Revolution. The
Bastille, a medieval fortress turned prison, served as a symbol of royal
absolutism and the storming represented an attack on the oppressive
Ancien Regime.
The Congress of Vienna was a meeting between major European powers
whose chief purpose was to restore Europe to the way it was before the
French Revolution and Napoleon. The attempted to do this by
establishing a balance of power and surrounding France by powerful
nations to prevent it from gaining power post-Napoleon. In the end, the
Congress failed because it failed to take into account the forces of
nationalism that arose as a response to Napoleon, ironically the same
force that ultimately defeated Napoleon.
By attempting to escape from France in June of 1791, Louis XVI
effectively destroyed the prospect of a moderate Revolution resulting in
the instillation of a limited constitutional monarchy. His escape signaled
to the people that Louis XVI did not support or care about their desires
and calls for equality and would not abide by the new constitution. The
people now saw him as a traitor to the revolution and was subsequently
executed.
1st estate – Clergy
2nd estate – Nobility
3rd estate – Bourgeoisie, Working Class, Peasants (basically
everyone else)
The Duke of Wellington and General Blucher @ the Battle of
Waterloo.
He wanted to show the world that he was a “selfmade” emperor and owed allegiance to no one, not
even the Church.
While the Revolution allowed greater social equality and
opened up more jobs to the Bourgeoisie, for peasants, the
largest impact it has was that it granted greater
landownership rights and ended the burden of manorial dues.
Napoleon, who focused on social equality while suppressing political
liberty, advocated for position based on merit/talent rather than social
standing, created the Napoleonic Code, established the first national bank
of France, strengthened the central government, and created a system of
public schools.
The Declaration guaranteed rights to Liberty, Equality, and
Fraternity through establishing rights to property, ending
inequality in taxation and disallowing new taxes, and stating
the right to a free education. It also did away with the old
regime by ending special privileges to the nobility.
There were several factors that contributed to France’s debt,
including the lifestyle of the monarchs at Versailles, foreign
war –such as the 7 Years War and the American Revolution, the
maintenance of the military, and the lack of adequate taxation
policies.
It provided the intellectual basis for challenging
government and establishing the rights of citizens
under the law. Further, the American Revolution
proved to the French that these ideas could be
established as policy.
The C.O.P.S. operated with the goal of protecting the
revolution from both foreign and domestic threats. It achieved
this by establishing the Reign of Terror which sought to
eliminate factions, such as the Sans-Culottes, ending rapid
inflation, and mobilizing all of France to prevent foreign
invasion.
Political – Inept rulers, absolutism, failure/opportunity of the
Estates General
Economic – high taxes, debt (from war, deficit spending,
Versailles)
Social – Estates System (1st, 2nd, 3rd Estates)
The Constitution of 1791 established a Constitutional Monarchy under
Louis XVI who was limited by the Legislative Assembly. It further abolished
special privileges held by the former first and second estates and freed
peasants from the vestiges of feudalism and their obligations to pay dues
and service fees to landlords.