Transcript Charlemagne Presentation

Charlemagne
October 27th
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New Germanic Kingdoms
Fall of Rome:
• after the collapse of the Western Roman
Empire
• a number of states ruled by German kings
replaced the Western Roman Empire by 500
New Germanic Kingdoms
• Franks
– only German kingdom to endure
– founder was Clovis
– converted to Christianity around 500
– established a kingdom that reached from the
Pyrenees to present-day France and western
Germany by 510 AD
New Germanic Kingdoms
Charlemagne and the Carolingians
Description:
• became ruler of the Frankish
Kingdom in 768
• known as Charles the Great
• a strong statesman and pious
Christian
• illiterate but supported learning
• ruled from 768 to 814
• expanded the kingdom into what
became known as the Carolingian
Empire
• Charlemagne’s power and prestige
grew
Charlemagne and the Carolingians
Importance:
• covered much of western and central Europe and
was unsurpassed until the time of Napoleon
• in 800 crowned emperor of the Romans by the
pope
• symbolized the coming together of the Roman,
Christian, and Germanic elements that forged a
new European civilization
• the spiritual leader of western Christendom had
crowned a German king Roman emperor
Growth of European Kingdoms
Impact of Feudalism
• gave power to many different lords
• kings began to extend their own powers
• laid the foundations for the European
kingdoms that still dominate Europe
• political institutions created by England
impacted the formation of democracy in the
United States
Rise of England
Rise of England
Norman Invasion:
• in 1066
• an army commanded by William of Normandy
defeated King Harold of England at the Battle
of Hastings
• William was crowned king of England and
began to combine Anglo-Saxon and Norman
institutions
Rise of England
Rise of the monarchy:
• Henry II ruled from 1154 to
1189
• enlarged the power of the
English monarchy
• expanded the royal courts’
powers to cover more
criminal and property cases
• a body of common law
began to replace varying
local codes
Magna Carta
• many nobles rebelled against King John over
expanding power of the English monarch
• by 1215 at Runnymeade, John was forced to sign
the Magna Carta, or Great Charter
– gave written recognition to the longstanding feudal
idea of mutual rights and obligations between lord
and vassal (a document of rights)
– used to strengthen the idea that the monarch had
limited power
– later helped support the concept that individuals are
entitled to trial by jury
Rise of England
The English Parliament:
• emerged in the 1200s
• during the reign of Edward I
• an important step in developing a representational
government
• composed of two knights from every county, two people
from every town, and all of England’s nobles and bishops
• Later, nobles and church lords formed the House of
Lords, and knights and townspeople formed the House of
Commons
• imposed taxes and passed laws
France and the Capetian Dynasty
France and the Capetian Dynasty
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after the death of the last Carolingian king in 987
Hugh Capet became king
founded the Capetian dynasty of French kings
the French monarchy’s power grew under King
Philip II Augustus
• ruled from 1180 to 1223
• took back by force the French territories ruled by
the English
• greatly increased the income and power of the
French monarchy
Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
Otto I:
• tenth century
• powerful Saxon duke became king of the
eastern Frankish kingdom
• was crowned by the Pope, emperor of the
Romans in 962 in exchange for protection
• as leaders of a new Roman Empire, the
German kings tried to rule both German and
Italian lands
Holy Roman Empire
Frederick I:
• considered Italy the center of a “holy empire”
• Coined the name Holy Roman Empire
• attempted to conquer northern Italy
• was opposed by the pope and the northern
cities
• Frederick II wanted to establish a centralized
state in Italy but met with the same resistance
Holy Roman Empire
Formation of German States:
• while the emperors were fighting
• Germany was left in the hands of powerful
German lords
• created many independent states
• kept the German ruler from maintaining a
strong central monarchical state