Transcript Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte

French Absolutism,
Enlightenment, & Revolution!
Outcome: Napoleon Bonaparte
Constructive Response Question
5. Trace the rise and fall of
Napoleon Bonaparte.
What Will We Learn?
1. Early military success
2. Napoleon rules France
3. The Continental System
4. The Peninsular War
5. Invasion of Russia
6. Banished X 2
Napoleon:
Who was
he?
The Character
A born leader, with a sense of his own importance
A sense of pride and honor
Charismatic
Generous
Smaller physically than the other boys, but always in fights- a
Corsican trait
Extraordinary intelligence (photographic memory?)
Above all…ambitious!
Napoleon Bonaparte
1. Napoleon Bonaparte: Who was he?
a. Born in 1769 on Mediterranean Island of Corsica
b. Short guy- only 5 feet 3 inches tall- or was he?
c. Considered one of greatest military leaders of all time
Napoleon Bonaparte
2. Successes and Coup d’etat
a.
October 1795 rebels marched on National Convention where Napoleon and his
gunners successfully forced rebels to panic and flee. Hailed as a hero in France.
b.
1796 Napoleon appointed to lead French army against Austria and Kingdom of
Sardinia- swept into Italy and won a series of victories
Tried to repeat success in Egypt but defeated by Horatio Nelson. Napoleon
kept this news out of newspapers and was still a hero to France
c.
Score one victory for French archaeologists- they discovered the Rosetta Stone, which helped us to
decipher ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics
d.
e.
By 1799, The Directory had lost political confidence of people and after
returning from Egypt, Napoleon is urged to seize political power (this is
called a Coup d’etat- sudden seizure of power or blow to the state)
Napoleon becomes first consul and assumes power as a dictator
Napoleon Bonaparte
3.
Napoleon Rules France
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
1800 plebiscite (vote of the people) approved a new constitution which gave all the
real power to Napoleon as first consul; Kept many changes from the Revolution
Righted economy by creating national banking system and efficient tax collection
Signed concordat (agreement) with Pope- government recognized influence of the
Church but rejected Church control in national affairs
Created Napoleonic Code- uniform set of laws that eliminated many injustices
Napoleon also dismissed corrupt public officials and in order to replace them with
well-trained government officials, opened up lycées which were government-run
public schools open to all male students of all backgrounds.
Despite all of this, he did not allow freedom of speech or freedom of the press.
Why do you think?
Code Napoleon, 1804
a
It divides civil law into:



Personal status.
Property.
The acquisition of
property.
a
Its purpose was to reform the
French legal code to reflect the
principles of the Fr. Revolution.
a
Create one law code for France.
Napoleon and His Code
“Rules do not apply to me!”
Napoleon Bonaparte
3. Napoleon Rules France Continued…
e.
Crowned himself emperor in 1804- took crown from pope and placed on own head
From Hero of the Common
Man to Royalty
Napoleon Bonaparte
3. Napoleon Rules France Continued…
f.
Sold Louisiana Territory to President Jefferson in 1803 for $15 million; $ was used
to finance his European wars of conquest ; he also tried and failed to reinstate
slavery and French rule in Haiti
Napoleon Bonaparte
3. Napoleon Rules France Continued…
g.
Created largest empire in Europe since the Romans
h.
Lost naval Battle of Trafalgar to British and Horatio Nelson which had 2 effects:
i.
Ensured supremacy of British Navy for next 100 years
ii.
Forced Napoleon to give up plans for Britain
iii. Unfortunately for Admiral Nelson, he won the battle but lost his life!
i.
By 1812, Napoleon controlled Spain, Grand Duchy of Warsaw, and German
Kingdoms as well as France
What would happen to my empire
if I die?
No male heir means
“Au revoir, fair Josephine”
Bonjour, Marie Louise!
Josephine’s Bedroom
Napoleon’s
Throne
Napoleon’s Bed Chamber
Napoleon’s Empire in 1810
Whenever Napoleon conquers a new territory, he places one of his siblings on the throne. The idea is to
have the rulers be loyal to him and to him alone. It didn’t always work out that way.
Napoleon’s Family Rules!
Jerome Bonaparte - King of Westphalia.
Joseph Bonaparte - King of Spain
Louis Bonaparte - King of Holland
Pauline Bonaparte - Princess of Italy
Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles - King of
Rome
e Elisa Bonaparte - Grand Duchess of Tuscany
e Caroline Bonaparte - Queen of Naples
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e
e
e
e
Napoleon Bonaparte
4. Three Costly Mistakes
a. Continental System:
i.
To crush Great Britain, Napoleon used a blockade to prevent trade
and communication between Great Britain and Europe
Not tight enough, smugglers got through
iii. Great Britain responded with own blockade- more effective
iv. Led to War of 1812 (Great Britain vs. America)
ii.
Napoleon Bonaparte
b. The Peninsular War
Guerrilla fighters in Spain resisted Napoleon’s forces who
were trying to enforce Continental System on Spain
ii. Napoleon loses 300,000 men which weakens French Empire
i.
Napoleon Bonaparte
c. Invasion of Russia
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Breakdown on Russian-French alliance caused Napoleon to invade Russia
Napoleon brought 600,000 soldiers
Russians used scorched earth policy- burning supplies to hinder enemy
Czar Alexander destroys Moscow by time Napoleon takes city
Russian army attacks Napoleon’s troops on way back, only 10,000 are left
Napoleon’s Troops at the Gates of Moscow
a
September 14, 1812  Napoleon reached Moscow,
but the city had largely been abandoned.
a
The Russians had set fire to the city.
Moscow Is On Fire!
Napoleon’s Retreat
from Moscow (Early 1813)
Napoleon Bonaparte
5.
Napoleon’s Downfall
a.
b.
c.
d.
Napoleon’s army was defeated allied army of European powers at the Battle of
Leipzig, and by early 1814 the leaders of Prussia and Russia marched
triumphantly through French capital
April 1814, Napoleon accepted terms of surrender and gave up throne
Vocab term- abdicate
Banished to tiny Italian island, Elba (located in the Mediterranean, just south of
France)
Louis XVI’s brother, Louis XVIII, took power but was very unpopular (because
he tried to repeal many of the reforms that had taken place during the
revolution). If you’re wondering what happened to Louis XVII, he died as a
youngster in prison during the revolution.
Napoleon in Exile on Elba
Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)
Napoleon Bonaparte
5. Napoleon’s Downfall Continued…
e.
Napoleon escapes Elba and in March 1815 lands back in France
f.
Joyous crowds welcome him back and within days was emperor of France again
Europe responded: Britain and Prussia attacked at Battle of Waterloo
h. Defeat at Waterloo ended 2nd bid for power known as the Hundred Days
i. Exiled to St. Helena- island in South Atlantic
j. Died of a stomach ailment in 1821, …or was it?
g.
Napoleon’s Residence on St. Helena
Napoleon’s Tomb
Hitler Visits Napoleon’s Tomb
June 28, 1940
Napoleon Bonaparte
Result: Napoleon was a military genius but millions of lives were lost in his wars. The
British would become the dominant force in Europe and European countries were
freed to establish a new order.
Napoleon’s Legacy: Hero of the
revolution or dictator?
Hero
Conquered most of
Europe and redrew its map
Brought both economic
and social stability to
France after the revolution
Restored France’s
relationship with the
Catholic Church
Created a new code of laws
still in use today
Villain
Did not allow freedom
of speech or press
Took France to war to
satisfy his desire for
glory
Wreaked havoc on
Europe, causing
millions of deaths
Constructive Response Question
5. Trace the rise and fall of
Napoleon Bonaparte.