Transcript chapter 3 new empires in the americas (1500–1700)

HOLT
Chapter 3
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
NEW EMPIRES IN THE AMERICAS
(1500–1700)
Section 1: The Conquistadores
Section 2: Spanish America
Section 3: Religion and Political Changes in
Europe
Section 4: The Race for Empires
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
Section 1:
The Conquistadores
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
OBJECTIVES
 How was Hernan Cortes’s conquest of the
Aztec’s similar to Francisco Pizarro’s
conquest of the Inca in Peru?
 Why did the Spanish explore Florida and the
American Southwest?
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WINSTON
Section 1:
The Conquistadores
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Similarities of Conquering Conquistadores
 Had superior weapons
 Had American Indian allies
 Weakened their enemies by spreading disease
which led to many deaths
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Section 1:
The Conquistadores
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Reasons for Spanish Exploration of
Florida and the American Southwest
 Lured by riches
 Intrigued by legends (Fountain of Youth and
Seven Cities of Cibola)
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Section 2:
Spanish America
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
OBJECTIVES
 How did Spain organize and govern its empire
in the Americas?
 How were the economy and society of New
Spain structured?
 Why did the Spanish settle in the borderlands?
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HOLT
Section 2:
Spanish America
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Organization and Government
of the Spanish Empire
 Ruled by royal officials
 Council of the Indies – wrote laws, selected
officials, judged legal cases
 Viceroyalty of Peru
 Viceroyalty of New Spain
 Viceroyalty of Mexico and the Southern part of
the United States
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HOLT
Section 2:
Spanish America
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
(continued)
Organization and Government
of the Spanish Empire
 Established three types of settlements –
pueblos, missions, and presidios
 Ruled also by the Catholic Church
pueblos – Spanish towns in the Americas
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Section 2:
Spanish America
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Economy of New Spain
The economy of New Spain depended on the
labor of the American Indians and African
slaves.
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Section 2:
Spanish America
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Society of New Spain
Divided into classes based on birthplace and race
 peninsulares – white Spaniards born in Spain
 crillos – people born in the Americas to Spanish
parents
 mestizos – had both Spanish and American Indian
parents
 American Indians
 Enslaved Africans
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WINSTON
Section 2:
Spanish America
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Spanish Settle in the Borderlands
Spain expanded into the borderlands to use as a
base to protect their treasure fleets.
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Section 3: Religion and
Political Changes in Europe
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
OBJECTIVES
 What was the Protestant Reformation, and
how did it change Europe?
 Why did Spain and England go to war in the
late 1500’s?
 What led to the end of Spain’s Golden Age?
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WINSTON
Section 3: Religion and
Political Changes in Europe
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
The Protestant Reformation
 The Protestant Reformation was a religious
movement begun by Martin Luther and others
in an effort to reform the Catholic Church.
 The Protestant Reformation changed Europe
by leading to:
 violence and religious struggles between
individuals and nations
 the founding of the Church of England
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WINSTON
Section 3: Religion and
Political Changes in Europe
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Causes of War between Spain
and England in the Late 1500’s
 King Phillip II of Catholic Spain sent troops to fight
the Protestants in the Netherlands which was ruled
by Spain.
 England began using seadogs to raid Spanish
treasure ships hurting Spain’s economy.
 Phillip feared England’s ability to aid the Protestants
in the Netherlands.
 England invaded by the Spanish Armada.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 3: Religion and
Political Changes in Europe
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
The end of the Spain’s Golden Age was
caused by:
 Economic problems such as high inflation
 Buying from foreign markets weakened
Spain’s economy
 Weak navy could no longer offer protection
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Section 4:
The Race for Empires
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
OBJECTIVES
 Why were the French, Dutch, and English
interested in colonizing North America?
 What common problems did the French,
Dutch, and Swedish colonies face?
 What happened to the first English
settlements in North America?
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Section 4:
The Race for Empires
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Reasons for Colonizing North America
by the French, Dutch, and English
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



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religious freedom
fur trade
exploration
good farmland
opportunity to develop colonies in North
America
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 4:
The Race for Empires
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Common Problems of the Colonies
 Difficult life
 Indian wars
 Lack of supplies
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Section 4:
The Race for Empires
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Roanoke
Roanoke, the first English settlement in North
America, was deserted and historians are not sure
what happened to the colony.
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