Transcript PowerPoint

• 6/12 Focus:
• Do Now:
– Complete the Regents Review Warm up
Questions
***Castle Learning Regents Review 8 due Friday***
Absolute Monarchs
• Power is in the hands of ONE person
(centralized)
• Determined gov’t policies without the
consent of their people
• Ruled using the Divine Right Theory (god
said they can rule)
Monarch
Peter the
Great
Nation
Russia
European Absolute Monarchs
Descripition
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attempted to westernize his country
expanded his nations territory
built St. Petersburg to provide a “window on western Europe”
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“I am the State”
Promoted culture and the arts
Known as the Sun King
Built the Palace of Versaillies
Spent lots of money on costly wars
Divine Right supported by Bishop Jacques Bossuet
gained much wealth from overseas empire in the Americas
ruled during a golden age
fought Protestants and Ottomans
Sent Armada to attack England
Louis XIV
France
Phillip II
Spain
Charles I
England
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Inherited throne from James I
Ignored the Petition of Right and Magna Carta
Conflicts with Parliament led to English Civil War
Catherine
the Great
Russia
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Expanded nations territory
Known as an Enlightened Despot
Acquired a warm water port
Limits placed on Absolute Monarchs in England
Magna Carta
Petition of
Right
Habeas
Corpus Act
English Bill
of Rights
Cyrillic
Alphabet
Architecture
& Art
Influences
on Early
Russia
Byzantine
Eastern
Orthodox
Christianity
Decline of
Kiev and
rise of
Moscow
Autocratic
Government
Close Relationship
between church and
state
Mongols
Isolated
Russia
from W.
Europe
Cut off Russia from
Renaissance and
technological advances
Model for
absolute
rule of
the czars
1. The theory justifying a monarch’s
rule by God’s authority is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
laissez faire
predestination
totalitarianism
divine right
2. Many European monarchs of the
1600s maintained that they should
have absolute power to rule because
they:
A. needed to defend their nations against
threats from the Western Hemisphere
B. thought that all people should have the
right to a good ruler
C. had been given their power to govern from
God
D. thought that communism was the superior
political system
3. The primary goal of most of Europe’s
absolute monarchs was to
A. support political freedom for the new
middle classes
B. centralize their political control over their
nations
C. prevent contact with areas beyond
Europe’s borders
D. maintain peaceful relations with nearby
nations
4. Which quotation was most likely made
by an absolute monarch?
A. “The government that governs best,
governs least.”
B. “I am the state.”
C. “The government must be based on a sound
constitution.”
D. “It is the parliament that must make the
laws.”
5. Which person is credited with saying
“L’état, c’est moi” (I am the state)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Louis XIV
Karl Marx
John Locke
Queen Isabella
I. __________________
A. Louis XIV
B. Phillip II
C. Henry VIII
6. In the partial outline below, which
heading belongs after Roman numeral
I?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Divine Right Monarchs
Religious Reformers
Supporters of Democracy
Leaders of the Crusades
7. The primary purpose of the Magna Carta
was to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Limit the power of the king
Install Oliver Cromwell as dictator
Justify the Glorious Revolution
Charter the East India Company
8. What happened in Russia as a result of
actions taken by Peter the Great?
A. Russia was weakened by French invasions
B. Catholicism became the state religion
C. The Duma was reformed and the serfs were
freed.
D. Russia borrowed Western ideas and expanded
its territories
• Magna Carta signed by King John
• Habeas Corpus Act passed during the rule of
Charles II
• Bill of Rights agreed to by William and Mary
9. These events in English history were
similar in that they all:
A.
B.
C.
D.
promoted religious freedom
limited the power of the monarch
provided universal suffrage
supported divine right theory
10. The foreign policy of many Russian
rulers supported the country’s desire for:
A. Access to inland cities
B. More mineral resources
C. Extensive canal systems
D. Warm-water ports
• Known as “carriers of civilizations”;
traded goods and spread ideas
throughout the Mediterranean;
inventors of the modern alphabet
• Conquered large empire from Greece to
Eastern border of India
• Conquest led to the creation of
Hellenistic Culture
• Blended Greek, Persian, Indian, and
Egyptian culture
• conquests secured trade and travel
along the Silk Road
• Goods and technologies spread from
Asia to Europe during the Pax Mongolia
• Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta documented
travels to Asia
• Served as a cultural bridge between
China and Japan
• One of the largest
migrations in human
history
• Waves of West
African farmers
moved east and south
through Africa
• Spread West African
farming techniques and
language
• Spread Cyrillic alphabet, Eastern
Orthodox Christianity, art, and
architecture to Russia
• Cultural diffusion between the Middle
East and Europe grew as a result of
large armies traveling to and from the
Middle East
• Knowledge and technologies of the
Islamic civilization reached Europe
• Economic Systems answer 3 basic
questions:
– What goods and services are to be
produced and in what quantities?
– How will goods and services be produced?
– For whom shall the goods be produced?
• An economic system in which decisions
are made based on customs, beliefs, and
habits
– Barter
– Based on subsistence farming
– People often have the same occupation as
their parents
• economic system that developed under
feudalism in Europe
• Economic activities were based around a
lord’s manor
• Manor had to be self-sufficient
• 3 field System
• Economic system that developed in 1600’s
in Europe
• countries established colonies that existed
for the benefit of the mother country
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Countries wanted a favorable balance of trade
Export more goods than you import
Colonies ship raw materials to mother country
Mother country sells finished goods to colonies
• Economic system in which the means of
production are privately owned and
operated for profit
• Free Markets
• Competition
• Supply and demand
• Private ownership
• Economic system in which the means of
production are controlled by the gov’t
• Socialism/Communism
• Throughout human history various
events have changed the way people
have lived.
– Political revolutions
– Social and religious changes
– New technologies
– Exploration of new places
– New Ideas/Challenges to Authority
Before
Impact of Change
• Paleolithic Era
• Hunter/gathers
• Humans lived in small
groups
• More reliable food
source increased
population
• No longer had to move
from place to place
• Development of
permanent
settlements
• Rise of civilizations
Before
• Rome controlled much of
Europe
• Centralized government
provided law and order
Impact of Change
• Lack of centralized
power
• Break down of law and
order led people to
leave cities
• Population decreased
• Frequent invasions
• Decrease in knowledge
and learning
• Led to the rise of
Feudalism
Before
• Dangerous to travel
and trade along the
silk roads
Impact of Change
• Mongol control of Asia and
parts of Europe brings
political stability and
relative peace
• Trade routes become
secure
• Trade and travel along silk
roads increase
• Plague spread along trade
routes
• Chinese technologies and
goods spread to Europe
Before
• Feudalism and
manorial system
existed in Europe
• Most people made
their living around
agriculture
• Society organized
around feudal
manors
Impact of Change
• Trade increased in Europe
• Contributed to the decline of
feudalism and Manorialism
• Growth of towns and cities
• Middle class grows
• Trade guilds formed to promote
standards on prices and quality
• Banking, Joint Stock Companies,
Insurance
• Contributed to rise of
capitalism
Before
• Middle Ages in
Europe
• Decline of learning
and knowledge
• Gothic Architecture
Impact of Change
• Re-birth of Greek and Roman
ideas
• Growth of art and learning
• Wealthy merchants in Italian city
states supported the arts
• Revival of Roman and Greek
architecture
• Humanism stressed the
importance of the individual
• Machiavelli’s The Prince- “The
ends justify the means”
• People began questioning
traditional authorities
Before
• Catholic Church
dominated Europe
• Religious unity
Impact of Change
• challenged the power of the
Church
– Martin Luther’s 95 Theses
– John Calvin, Henry VIII
• Act of Supremacy in England
• Establishment of new Christian
religions
• Loss of religious unity in
Europe
• Civil wars break out
• Church weakened
• Monarchs strengthened
Before
• Religious teachings and
tradition used to explain
the natural world
Impact of Change
• People began to use
reason and scientific
method to understand
natural laws
• People began questioning
authority
• Contributed to the
development of the
Enlightenment
Before
• Ottoman’s captured
Constantinople and
controlled overland
trade routes to Asia
• Advanced civilizations
existed in the Americas
Impact of change
• Death of large numbers of
Native Americans from
disease & overwork
• Destruction of the Aztec
and Incan Empires
• Competition among
European countries for
colonies & Mercantilism
• Use of Africans as slave
labor on plantations in the
Americas
• Columbian Exchange
Before
• Absolute monarchs
controlled European
countries
Impact of Change
• Influenced American
Revolution, French Revolution,
& Latin American Revolutions
• Democratic/Enlightenment
ideas of natural rights spread
across Europe
– examples: Locke, Montesquieu,
Rousseau
• Limits placed on existing
monarchs
• Nationalism increased