Transcript Introduction to Oracle

Anton Topurov IT-DB
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Introduction to Oracle
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Introduction to Oracle
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IT manager
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App Developer
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Database Administrator
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System Administrator
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IT manager
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Introduction to Oracle
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Oracle Database Internals
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Real Application Clusters (RAC)
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Oracle Database Server
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Simplified view
System Global Area (SGA)
PGA
Background
Processes
Server Processes
Data Files
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Control Files
Online Redo Logs
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Database Physical Layout
Data Files
Control Files
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Online Redo Logs
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Physical to Logical
Data Files
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Logical Layout
Block
•
Tablespace
The smallest
logical unit
of data storage
•
Maps to one or more
datafiles
Extent
Segment
•
•
Type (table, index,..)
•
Within a tablespace
Continios set of
blocks
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Real Application Clusters (RAC)
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Oracle Instance
System Global Area (SGA)
Background
Processes
Data Files
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Control Files
Online Redo Logs
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SGA contents
Shared pool
•
shared memory constructs
like shared SQL areas
•
most recently executed SQL
statements
•
most recently used data
definitions
Buffer cache
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•
holds copies of data blocks
•
server processes manipulate
data from buffer cache (not
directly from data files)
•
managed using LRU algorithm
(Least Recently Used)
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Background Processes
System Monitor
Buffer Cache System Global Area (SGA)
Redo
Log
Buffer
Process Monitor
Diagnosability Process
Database Writer
Checkpointer
Redo Log Writer
Redo Log Archiver
Backup
Data Files
Control Files
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Online Redo Logs Archived Redo Logs
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Real Application Clusters (RAC)
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Real Application Clusters
SGA
SGA
PGA
PGA
SGA
Clusterware
Clusterware
PGA
Data Files
Control Files
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Online Redo Logs
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Real Application Clusters (RAC)
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Database Account
•
Database user
•
•
Privileges
•
•
•
username/password to connect to database
System and object privileges / roles
•
CREATE SESSION, CREATE TABLE, CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE JOB,…
•
EXECUTE ON DBMS_LOCK, SELECT ON HR.EMPLOYEES, …
Profiles
•
CERN_DEV_PROFILE: 10 concurrent sessions
•
CERN_APP_PROFILE: 400 concurrent sessions
Space quota on tablespaces
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Database vs Schema
A Schema?
• Collection of objects
• Owned by a database user and has the
same name as that user
• Each user owns a single schema.
• Good programming practice is to prefix
objects by schema name
select name from hr.employees where id=7;
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Connecting to Oracle Database
Instance SID: DEVDB11
sqlplus username@
’( DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=TCP)
SGA
(HOST=node1.cern.ch) (PORT=10121))
(CONNECT_DATA= (SID=DEVDB11)))’
PGA
Listener
port 10121
node1
Data Files Control Files Online Redo Logs
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Connecting to RAC Database
sqlplus username@ ( DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=TCP) (HOST=node2-v.cern.ch) (PORT=10121))
(ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=TCP) (HOST=node1-v.cern.ch) (PORT=10121))
(LOAD_BALANCE=off) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVER=DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME=CERN_SRV1.cern.ch) ))’
node1.cern.ch
node2.cern.ch
SGA
SGA
PGA
PGA
Listener
Listener
node1-v
node2-v
Clusterware
CERN_SRV1
CERN_SRV2
CERN_SRV3
Data Files
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Clusterware
Control Files
Online Redo Logs
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Local naming method
sqlplus username@
( DESCRIPTION=
cerndb1 =
(ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=TCP) (HOST=node2-v.cern.ch) (PORT=10121))
(ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=TCP) (HOST=node1-v.cern.ch) (PORT=10121))
(LOAD_BALANCE=off) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVER=DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME=CERN_SRV1.cern.ch) ))’
Based on tnsnames.ora
/afs/cern.ch/project/oracle/admin
\\cern.ch\dfs\Applications\Oracle\ADMIN
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Real Application Clusters (RAC)
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SQL Statements Processing
select * from hr.employees;
SQL Statement
Parsing
Syntax Check
Semantic Check
Shared Pool
Check
select *= from
sql_id
8k3hpjw6yjup5
hr.employees;
Hard Parse
Optimization
Soft
Parse
select name from hr.employees where id=:id_val;
Row Source
Generation
Execution
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Summary
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Documentation
•
Oracle Database Concepts
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25789/toc.htm
•
Oracle 11g documentation
•
http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/portal.all_books
•
Architecture poster
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