Transcript UNIT 2 CREATING A NATION 1754-1816

UNIT 2
CREATING A NATION
1754-1816
“This country shall be independent,
and we will be satisfied with nothing
short of it.” Samuel Adams 1774
Chaper 4, The American
Revolution
CHAPTER 4, Section 1
The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
– The French and Indian War
The cause: The French and British
both wanted to control the Ohio River.
Chapter 4, Section 1
• Marquis Duquesne, governor of New
France, ordered forts to be built to
protect their territory.
• The British governor of VA then ordered a fort to be built
in Western Pennsylvania, but the French seized the area
and built a fort. Gov. Dinwiddie then asked George
Washington to raise a force and expel the French.
Washington built Fort Necessity.
• A large French force arrived later on and forced
Washington to surrender. After he was released,
Washington became a hero for his courageous attempt
to remove the French.
Chapter 4, Section 1
•
The Albany Conference was a result of the British
urging the colonies to prepare for fighting against the
Iroquois. Seven colonies sent representatives to meet
with the Iroquois and achieved several things:
1. The Iroquois agreed to remain neutral
2. They decided to appoint one supreme
commander
3. The Albany Plan of Union proposed that the
colonies unite to form a federal government.
•
The plan was rejected, BUT it showed that many of the
leaders had thought about joining their colonies
together for their common defense.
C 4, Sec 1
• In 1754, Benjamin Franklin drew this cartoon
urging colonists to stand together.
Chapter 4, Sec 1
• IN 1755 General Braddock arrived in VA with British
troops & appointed George Washington as his aide.
Braddock was shot and
died in an attack by the
French & Native
Americans.
• George Washington rallied the troops and organized a
retreat. This war went on for two years.
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
Chapter 4, Sec 1
IN 1756 the fighting spread to Europe where it was called the
Seven Years’ War
Then a new British Commander Forbes
sent troops to attack Fort Duquesne.
The French were outnumbered, so they
burned the fort and retreated.
The British built Fort Pitt on that spot
which later became Pittsburgh.
The British won at Quebec –
the turning point of the war.
The British seized Spain’s colonies in
Cuba and the Philippines when they
took the French side.
Chapter 4, Sec 1
1763 – The Treaty of Paris ended the war
and French power in North America.
• New France became part of the British Empire
as well as all of Louisiana east of the Mississippi
except for New Orleans.
• To get Cuba and the Philippines back,
Spain gave Florida to Britain.
• The French gave Spain control of
New Orleans and all of Louisiana
North of the Mississippi.
Chapter 4, Sec 1
• The British government was deeply in debt over
the French & Indian War. They felt that the
colonies should pay for the war.
• Chief Pontiac of the Ottawa Tribe led his people
and other tribes in attacks on colonists until the
British stopped them.
• The Proclamation Act of 1763.
The British said the colonists could not settle
west of a line drawn from North to South along
the Appalachian Mountains unless they had the
British government’s permission.
The farmers and land speculators got mad!!
Chapter 4, Section 1
Chapter 4, Sec 1
• THEN, George Grenville became the new British
Prime Minister. He had to find a way to pay off the
cost of the colonial war. British custom agents had
not been doing a good job of collecting money –
there was smuggling going on, and the colonists had
to pay custom duties – taxes on imports/exports.
John Hancock was arrested for smuggling sugar
and molasses from the French colonies in the
Caribbean. John Adams was his lawyer and said
that it was not right for England to allow British
citizens a trial by jury and on the other hand try
the colonists without a jury.
Chapter 4, Sec 2
also called
the American Revenue Act of 1764.
It changed the tax rates levied on raw
sugar and molasses imported from foreign
countries.
It also placed new taxes on silk, wine,
coffee, pimento, and indigo.
Chapter 4, Sec 2
NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION!!!
This phrase came from a pamphlet written
by James Otis. He said that the colonies
had no representation in Parliament, so
they should not be taxed.
Chapter 4, Sec 2
Currency Act of 1764 – Banned the use of paper
money in the colonies because it tended to
lose its value quickly.
WHAT IS INFLATION? Happens when
money loses its value over time.
Chapter 4, Sec 2
Required stamps to be placed on most
printed materials, including newspapers,
pamphlets, posters, wills, mortgages,
deeds, licenses, and even diplomas, dice,
and playing cards.
This was the first direct tax Britain
had placed on colonists.
Chapter 4, Sec 1
The Quartering Act - forced colonies
to pay more for their own defense. If the
colonies did not provide barracks, the
soldiers could stay in taverns, inns, vacant
buildings, and barns, and the colonies had
to pay rent for it.
Stamp Act Continued
• The Sons of Liberty (I. Sears – leader)
Organized meetings & demonstrations.
• The Stamp Act Congress – colonists
argued that Parliament did not have
the right to tax them.
• The Nonimportation Agreement –
200 merchants pledged not to buy any
British goods until Parliament repealed
the Stamp Act.
Chapter 4, Sec 1
The Townshend Acts – introduced by
Charles Townshend, the new Chancellor of the
Exchequer.
• Revenue Act of 1767 – new custom duties
on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea
imported into the colonies.
• Allowed officials to seize private property
without due process.
• WRITS of ASSISTANCE – was used to
arrest smugglers.
Chapter 4, Section 1
Daughters of Liberty – in protest of acts
spun their own cloth rather than buy it from
England. This was a sign of patriotism to
wear the homespun clothes.
THE BOSTON MASSACRE
• Fall, 1768 – 1,000 British troops were sent to Boston to
maintain order.
• Called “lobster backs” because they wore red coats.
• British troop was guarding a customs house. Colonists
began heckling him.
• When he called for help, CPT Preston and a squad of
soldiers came.
• The troops began firing.
• The first colonist to die was Crispus Attucks –
African and Native American descent. Three others died,
two died later, and six were wounded.
• The British repealed almost all of the Townshend Acts.
BUT, they kept the tax on tea.
Boston Massacre