Transcript Presentation 6 European Politics N Bogiazides 2010-2011 - e

University of Thessaly
Department of Planning and Regional Development
Graduate Program in European Regional Development Studies
Fall Semester, 2010-11
Course:
The Geography of European Integration: Economy, Society and
Institutions
Lecturers: Camhis M., Petrakos G., Kotios A. , Topaloglou L., Bogiazides N.
European Politics
European politics at sub-Union / sub-federal,
national level
All those separate states
Where Do they All Come From?
Where Do they All Belong?
European Politics
In the advent of the modern era, at the outset of the 17the
century, most European regimes fall within a three-fold
typology of states:
a)
Small principalities run by aristocratic families or bishops
(including papal states), some owing to greater or lesser
extent allegiance to a weak empire, the Holy Roman Empire,
whose ruler was elected by the Imperial Diet – assembly of
the princes
a)
City-states – central
a)
Large absolutist states - France, England and Spain
Europe in 1600
European Politics
The end of the 18th century sees the emergence
of the new typology:
a)
a)
The ascent of the nation-state (1799 French Revolution, from ‘King of France’ to
‘King of the French’)
The rise of the empires – Germany, AustroHungary, Russia, but also intermittently
France and, in a way, Britain
Delacroix's Liberty (1830) – liberty as national self-realisation, the subsumption of human
emancipation (18th cent.) into the project of nationhood (19th cent.)
Europe in 1800
European Politics
The advent of mass industrial society, politically represented
through the nation-state, also involves the conceptual and
institutional split of political economy into politics and
economics, the split of the Pnyka from the Agora.
An affliction besetting also the nascent socialist movement
(7th Congress of the Second International in Stuttgart, 1907,
acknowledging the distinction between a political realm – the
concern of the party – and an economic realm – the concern
of trade unions.
European Politics
End of World War One:
Fall of the empires, espousal of the principle of national selfdetermination (including by the early Soviet Union*),
generalisation the institutional form of the nation-state
From Augsburg (1555 – Cuius regio, eius religio [whose
realm, his religion]) to Versailles (1919 – Woodrow Wilson
and principle of national)
* (Lenin – ‘[it] would be wrong to interpret the right to self-determination as meaning
anything but the right to existence as a separate state’ – versus Rosa Luxemburg –
How neat they look - spot the tiny tinderbox in the middle, soon to set it all ablaze
European Politics
Of the 27 European Union states today
Constitutional monarchies
Belgium
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Denmark
United Kingdom
Spain
Sweden
} 1958
} 1973
} 1986
} 1995
Republics
France
Germany }
Italy
Ireland }
Greece }
Portugal }
Austria
Finland }
1958
1973
1981
1986
1996
European Politics
Of the 27 European Union states today
Constitutional monarchies
Belgium
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Denmark
United Kingdom
Spain
Sweden
} 1958
} 1973
} 1986
} 1995
Republics
France
Germany
Italy
Ireland
Greece
Portugal
Austria
Finland
} 1958
} 1973
} 1981
} 1986
} 1996
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
} 2004
Malta
Poland
Slovakia
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Romania
} 2007
European Politics
Distinction between presidential republics and
prime ministerial republics
– between the seat of sovereignty resting
(primarily) in Parliament (prime ministerial
system) or in the Executive (presidential
system)
European Politics
Of the 27 European Union states today
Unitary states
Federal states
Austria
Belgium
Germany
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Ireland
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Portugal
Poland
Slovenia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Romania
United Kingdom
European Politics
Federal states
Unitary states
European Politics
Switzerland – the Fractal State
Belgium – the Dual State
European Politics
Grand politico-ideological movements in postwar Europe
East-West divide
Between divergence and convergence
the anti-colonial movement
the role of the market
the UN
disarmement and the Helsinki process
European Politics
In the East
Soviet model and its discontents (4 major
rebellions against it
Yugoslavia-style federalism
Romania-style dictatorship
Hungary and Czechoslovakia style market
entryism
European Politics
In the West, until 1980
Centre-right Keynesianism - saving private
capital)
Social-democratic Keynesianism – establishing
and expanding the welfare state
European Politics
In the West, until 1980
On the left
Eurocommunism
Old style stalinism
Trotskyism Maoism (May ’68, anti-colonial
movement, anti-Vietnam war movement)
European Politics
In the West, post 1980
Thatcherite liberalism
‘roling back the frontiers of the state’ at an
ideological, yet not practical, level
Partial dismantling of the welfare state
Weakening og the trade union movement
Americanisation of European politics
European Politics
Wherefore European Politics
Institutional convergence or divergence?
A federation without a nation?
Is a citizens' Europe feasible or will state
building yet again subsume human
emancipation into a new national state
construct, with a raison d' etat diverging or
opposing an illusive etat de raison?