Transcript The Road to Revolution

Edited from Susan Pojer
When it comes to the Revolution, it could
be said that the American colonists were
1. Eagar revolutionaries
2. Up until the end wanting more than the
“rights of Englishmen”
3. Little concerned about economics
4. Clearly opposed to tightening
commercial bonds to the British
5. Reluctant revolutionaries
Robber Barron’s Question
When it comes to the Revolution, it could be
said that the American colonists were
1. Eagar revolutionaries
2. Up until the end wanting more than the
“rights of Englishmen”
3. Little concerned about economics
4. Clearly opposed to tightening
commercial bonds to the British
5. Reluctant revolutionaries
Robber Barron’s Question
Mercantilists believed that
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A nation needed to import more goods than
it exported
Power came from a small colonial empire
The mother country produced raw materials
and colonies produced the finished product
A country’s economic wealth could be
measured by the amount of gold and silver in
its treasury
Colonies drained a country of its resources
Rough Rider’s Question
Mercantilists believed that
1. A nation needed to import more goods than it
exported
2. Power came from a small colonial empire
3. The mother country produced raw materials
and colonies produced the finished product
4. A country’s economic wealth could be
measured by the amount of gold and silver in
its treasury
5. Colonies drained a country of its resources
Rough Rider’s Question
Before 1763, the Navigation laws
1. Were very effective
2. Hurt Great Britain more than the
American colonies
3. Were a great burden to only India
4. Discouraged smuggling by American
colonial merchants
5. Were only loosely enforced in the
American colonies
Robber Barron’s Question
Before 1763, the Navigation laws
1. Were very effective
2. Hurt Great Britain more than the
American colonies
3. Were a great burden to only India
4. Discouraged smuggling by American
colonial merchants
5. Were only loosely enforced in the
American colonies
Robber Barron’s Question
Proclamation of 1763
All lands west of the
Appalachians reserved
for Indians
British Reason:
• To stop conflict
between the Colonists
and the Indians and save
them $$$$
Colonial Reaction:
• Frustrated and thought
this was an attempt to
limit freedom
Discussion Question #1
The Proclamation of 1763 was
issued mainly to
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Oppress the colonists
Punish the Indians
Show the power of Parliament
Allow western settlement by the colonists
Work out a fair settlement of the Indian
problem
Rough Rider’s Question
The Proclamation of 1763 was
issued mainly to
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Oppress the colonists
Punish the Indians
Show the power of Parliament
Allow western settlement by the colonists
Work out a fair settlement of the Indian
problem
Rough Rider’s Question
In the wake of the Proclamation of
1763
1. American colonists obeyed the law they hated
2. Relations with France improved
3. Relations between the American colonies and
the British government improved
4. The American colonies believed their destiny
had been destroyed
5. American colonists moved west, defying the
Proclamation
Robber Barron’s Question
In the wake of the Proclamation of
1763
1. American colonists obeyed the law they hated
2. Relations with France improved
3. Relations between the American colonies and
the British government improved
4. The American colonies believed their destiny
had been destroyed
5. American colonists moved west, defying the
Proclamation
Robber Barron’s Question
Currency Act 1764
Colonist forbidden to make paper
money legal tender
British Reason:
• British merchants worried
about the loss of value of
Virginia’s paper money. All
taxes were to be paid in specie
Colonial Reaction:
• Specie would leave the colonies
to pay the troops (form of
taxes). Colonists would be left
without money. They resorted
to the barter system to bypass
the law
Discussion Question #9
Sugar Act 1764
Decreased duty on imported molasses in an
attempt to stop bribes; put new taxes on
indigo, sugar, coffee, wine and textiles.
Violators tried in admiralty courts not local
courts
British Reason:
• Raise revenue “for defraying the expenses
of defending, protecting, and securing” Grenville
Colonial Reaction:
• FURIOUS! How dare they?
Discussion Question #7
Quartering Act 1765
Colonists must supply British troops with
living quarters, bedding, food, beer, cider
and rum.
British Reason:
• Most soldiers quartered in public buildings,
but when away from cities would need to be
in private homes.
Colonial Reaction:
• Most refused to comply
Discussion Question #10
Stamp Act 1765
Required stamp tax on all legal
documents, newspapers,
pamphlets, playing cards,
dice, and all other printed
material.
Violators tried by Admiralty
Courts.
British Reason:
• To raise revenue
Colonial Reaction:
• Colonists burned tax
collectors in effigy and
tarred and feathered them
Discussion Question #11
Tar and Feathering
The British Parliament passed the
Stamp Act to
1. Raise money to support new military
forces needed for colonial defense
2. Punish the American colonists
3. Reduce the number of printed
documents in America
4. Enable tax collectors to become wealthy
5. Raise taxes to a higher level than in
Britain
Rough Rider’s Question
The British Parliament passed the
Stamp Act to
1. Raise money to support new military
forces needed for colonial defense
2. Punish the American colonists
3. Reduce the number of printed
documents in America
4. Enable tax collectors to become wealthy
5. Raise taxes to a higher level than in
Britain
Rough Rider’s Question
The first law ever passed by Parliament for raising
tax revenues in the colonies for the crown was the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Stamp Act
Declaratory Act
Townshend Act
Quartering Act
Sugar Act
Robber Barron’s Question
The first law ever passed by Parliament for raising
tax revenues in the colonies for the crown was the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Stamp Act
Declaratory Act
Townshend Act
Quartering Act
Sugar Act
Robber Barron’s Question
Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions
VA House of Burgesses
passed a resolution stating
only THEY had the right to
tax Virginians.
Colonial Reason:
First colonial legislature to
stand up to Britain.
Introduced by Patrick
Henry.
Colonial Reaction:
• The colonists were happy,
for the first time I think!
TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION
Discussion Question #12
Colonists objected to the Stamp Act
because
1. It was a very expensive tax
2. They believed it could not be repealed
3. Parliament passed the tax, not the
colonists
4. They opposed all taxes
5. They wanted their independence
Rough Rider’s Question
Colonists objected to the Stamp Act
because
1. It was a very expensive tax
2. They believed it could not be repealed
3. Parliament passed the tax, not the
colonists
4. They opposed all taxes
5. They wanted their independence
Rough Rider’s Question
Colonial protest against the Stamp
Act took the form of
1. Convening a colonial congress to
request repeal of the act
2. A colonial boycott against British goods
3. Violence in several colonial towns
4. Wearing homemade woolen clothes
5. All of the above
Robber Barron’s Question
Colonial protest against the Stamp
Act took the form of
1. Convening a colonial congress to
request repeal of the act
2. A colonial boycott against British goods
3. Violence in several colonial towns
4. Wearing homemade woolen clothes
5. All of the above
Robber Barron’s Question
Sons of Liberty Organized 1765
Patriotic organization
led by Samuel
Adams. Main purpose
to demonstrate
against Stamp Act.
They refused to do
any business
requiring stamps
Colonial Reaction:
• Many agreed with
the Sons of Liberty,
but a large number
felt they were too
radical
Stamp Act Congress 1765
Representatives from nine
colonies meet to discuss
action. GA, NC, VA, NH
did not send delegates.
Colonial Reason:
• To condemn the Stamp
tax and define virtual
representation
Colonial Reaction:
• Many colonies agreed
not to import any
British goods until the
Stamp Tax was repealed
Discussion Question #13
Stamp Act Repealed 1766
Repealed the stamp tax
British Reason:
• In response to the
colonial protest,
violence, the
nonimportation
agreements and most of
all avoidance of a civil
war in the colonies
Colonial Reaction:
• The colonists are happy
again. Well, at least for
a moment
Discussion Question #14
1766 Declaratory Act
Parliament affirms that it has the right and the
power to make laws that bind the colonies in
ALL cases. Smartly, they left out the word
TAX
British Reason:
• A face saving response to the repeal of the
Stamp Tax. (however, the British still thought
they had the right to tax). HUM?
Colonial Reaction:
• Colonists agreed that Parliament had the
right to pass laws, but not tax. No one seemed
to understand that this was all based on
misunderstanding of the difference in
external and internal taxes.
Discussion Question #15 & 16
Townsend Acts 1767
Taxed paint, lead, glass, paper, and
tea. Customs officials could
search private buildings at any
time. Accused tried without Jury.
Suspended the NY assembly
because Quartering Act was not
being followed.
British Reason:
• Townsend had a hard line policy
towards the colonists and planned
force them to comply
Colonial Reaction:
• Colonists felt these acts violated
all the rights they had as
Englishment and boycotted all
taxed goods.
Discussion Question #17 & 18
As a result of American opposition
to the Townshend Acts,
1. British officials sent regiments of troops
to Boston to restore law and order
2. The port of Boston was closed
3. Americans killed several British soldiers
in the Boston Massacre
4. Parliament repealed all of the taxes
levied under this legislation
5. Prime Minister Townshend was forced to
resign
Rough Rider’s Question
As a result of American opposition
to the Townshend Acts,
1. British officials sent regiments of troops
to Boston to restore law and order
2. The port of Boston was closed
3. Americans killed several British soldiers
in the Boston Massacre
4. Parliament repealed all of the taxes
levied under this legislation
5. Prime Minister Townshend was forced to
resign
Stopped here
Rough Rider’s Question
The tax on tea was retained when the
Townshend Acts were repealed because
1. People loved tea
2. The money was needed to support
troops
3. It kept alive the principle of parliamentary
taxation
4. It was the only tax passed by the
colonists
5. Colonial governors requested it
Robber Barron’s Question
The tax on tea was retained when the
Townshend Acts were repealed because
1. People loved tea
2. The money was needed to support
troops
3. It kept alive the principle of parliamentary
taxation
4. It was the only tax passed by the
colonists
5. Colonial governors requested it
Robber Barron’s Question
The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)
1770 Boston “Massacre”
March 5, 1770 a group of colonists were
taunting and throwing snowballs at British
soldiers. Shots were fired and 5 were killed, 6
wounded.
Colonial Reaction:
• Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty fueled
the propaganda machine and proclaimed this a
“Massacre”. The colonists were minding their
own business and were fired upon. However
the truth is much different
Discussion Question #22
1770 Repeal of the Townshend
Acts
Lord North, first lord
of the Treasury
urges Parliament to
repeal all taxes
except tax on tea
Colonial Reaction:
• Colonists were still
resentful.
• The tea tax was a
slap in the face
The Gaspee Incident (1772)
2 years of
peace
down the
drain!
Providence, RI coast
The Gaspee Incident (1772)
• The Gaspee was a British Royal Navy ship assigned to
customs duty.
• would regularly stop merchant ships to examine their
cargo looking for illegal goods
• The Gaspee ran aground in Narragansett Bay, near
Providence.
• a group of men boarded the Gaspee and set the ship on
fire.
• No one came forward, and no one was ever charged for
the offence.
British Reaction:
• The British began to directly pay the governors' salary,
rather than being paid by the colonies.
Colonial Reaction:
• The colonies saw this as another step to put them under
British control, and to eliminate their freedoms.
Committees
of Correspondence
Purpose  warn neighboring colonies
about incidents with
Britain
 broaden the resistance
movement. Many colonists got
involved, but just like today, many
didn’t care!
Discussion Question #23
Committees
of Correspondence
Impact  The Albany Plan of 1754 introduced
the idea, but with the the tea duty standing
as a symbol of Parliament’s right to tax the
colonies…
 Unity was the only recourse
Discussion Question #23
The local committees of correspondence
organized by Samuel Adams
1. Promoted his bid to become governor of
Massachusetts
2. Promoted independent action in each
colony to support the British
3. Kept opposition to the British alive,
through exchange of propaganda
4. Served as a precursor to the United
States Postal Service
5. Led the Boston Massacre
Rough Rider’s Question
The local committees of correspondence
organized by Samuel Adams
1. Promoted his bid to become governor of
Massachusetts
2. Promoted independent action in each
colony to support the British
3. Kept opposition to the British alive,
through exchange of propaganda
4. Served as a precursor to the United
States Postal Service
5. Led the Boston Massacre
Rough Rider’s Question
“Virtual” representation meant that
1. Almost all British subjects were represented in
Parliament
2. Every member of Parliament represented all
British subjects
3. Colonists could elect their own representatives
to Parliament
4. Parliament could pass virtually all types of
legislation except taxes
5. Each member of Parliament represented only
people in his district
Robber Barron’s Question
“Virtual” representation meant that
1. Almost all British subjects were represented in
Parliament
2. Every member of Parliament represented all
British subjects
3. Colonists could elect their own representatives
to Parliament
4. Parliament could pass virtually all types of
legislation except taxes
5. Each member of Parliament represented only
people in his district
Robber Barron’s Question
Tea Act (1773)
British East India Co.:
 Monopoly on British tea
imports.
 Many members of
Parliament held shares.
 Permitted the Co. to
sell tea directly to
cols. without col.
middlemen
(cheaper tea!)
North expected the
cols. to eagerly choose
the cheaper tea.
When Parliament passed the Tea
Act, colonists
1. Rejoiced that Parliament had seemingly
accepted the American definition of
representation
2. Suspected that it was a trick to get them to
violate their principle of “No taxation without
representation”
3. Immediately called the First Continental
Congress into session
4. Avoided the tax on tea by buying their tea
directly from the British East India Company
5. Gave up tea and turned to coffee
Rough Riders’ Question
When Parliament passed the Tea
Act, colonists
1. Rejoiced that Parliament had seemingly
accepted the American definition of
representation
2. Suspected that it was a trick to get them to
violate their principle of “No taxation without
representation”
3. Immediately called the First Continental
Congress into session
4. Avoided the tax on tea by buying their tea
directly from the British East India Company
5. Gave up tea and turned to coffee
Rough Riders’ Question
Boston Tea Party
(1773)
1773 Boston Tea Party
•Colonists dressed as Indians, boarded
3 ships in Boston Harbor and dumped
the tea.
•This was the colonists reaction to the
order that ships could not leave until
the “cheap” tea was unloaded.
•Ever wonder why a country of
“Englishmen” would become a country
of coffee drinkers?
The Boston Tea Party of 1773 was
1. An isolated incident
2. Directed only at the British East India
company
3. Not the only such protest to occur
4. Supported by friends of America in
Britain
5. The result of the Intolerable Acts
Robber Barron’s Question
The Boston Tea Party of 1773 was
1. An isolated incident
2. Directed only at the British East India
company
3. Not the only such protest to occur
4. Supported by friends of America in
Britain
5. The result of the Intolerable Acts
Robber Barron’s Question
The Coercive or Intolerable
Acts (1774)
Lord North
1. Boston harbor closed
until tea paid for
2. Massachusetts
constitution changed
increasing governor’s power
and banning town meetings
3. New Quartering Act – all
troops will be quartered in
town
4. Administration of
Justice Act – British
soldiers and government
officials will be tried in
Britain
The Suffolk Resolves 1774
1. Denounced Intolerable Acts and ignored
punitive actions on Massachusetts after the
Boston Tea Party
2. Encouraged making their own militia
3. Encouraged the boycott of British goods
4. Delivered to the First Continental Congress by
Paul Revere
5. For the first time, ‘Americans must prepare for
war’, first time that three-letter word was used
6. The militancy in Massachusetts in arming citizensoldiers against the British is solidified
7. Massachusetts made an attempt at a militia,
which fought at Lexington and Concord
Hint: took up where the Virginia Resolves left off after the Stamp Act.
The most drastic measure of the
Intolerable Acts were
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Quartering Act
Quebec Act
Sugar Act
Courts Act
Boston Port Act
Rough Riders’ Question
The most drastic measure of the
Intolerable Acts were
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Quartering Act
Quebec Act
Sugar Act
Courts Act
Boston Port Act
Rough Riders’ Question
The Quebec Act (1774)
The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American
colonies because it did all of the following except
1. Turn an extensive amount of territory over to
Catholic control
2. Affect many colonies, not just Massachusetts
3. Deny the French the right to retain many of
their old customs
4. Alarm land speculators, who saw a huge area
snatched from their grasp
5. It denied Quebec a representative assembly
Robber Barrons’ Question
The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American
colonies because it did all of the following except
1. Turn an extensive amount of territory over to
Catholic control
2. Affect many colonies, not just Massachusetts
3. Deny the French the right to retain many of
their old customs
4. Alarm land speculators, who saw a huge area
snatched from their grasp
5. It denied Quebec a representative assembly
Robber Barrons’ Question
First Continental Congress (1774)
55 delegates from 12 colonies
Agenda  How to
respond to the
Coercive Acts &
the Quebec Act?
1 vote per colony
represented.
Discussion Question 1
The First Continental Congress
was called in order to
1. Consider ways of redressing colonial
grievances
2. Become a legislative body
3. Write the Declaration of Independence
4. Decide which of Parliament’s taxes the
colonies would and would not pay
5. Help implement provisions of the Quebec
Act
Rough Riders’ Question
The First Continental Congress
was called in order to
1. Consider ways of redressing colonial
grievances
2. Become a legislative body
3. Write the Declaration of Independence
4. Decide which of Parliament’s taxes the
colonies would and would not pay
5. Help implement provisions of the Quebec
Act
Rough Riders’ Question
The British Are Coming . . .
Paul Revere & William Dawes make their midnight ride to warn
the Minutemen of approaching British soldiers.
The Shot Heard ’Round the World!
Discussion
Question
#2
Lexington & Concord – April 18,1775
The Second Continental Congress
(1775)
Discussion Question #3
Olive Branch Petition
Discussion Question #4
When the Second Continental
Congress met in 1775
1. Its members felt a strong desire for
independence
2. It cut off communications with the British
government
3. It continued to stall on the creation of a navy
4. It resolved to keep fighting in the hope that the
British would redress the colonists’ grievances
5. The conservative element was weakened
Robber Barrons’ Question
When the Second Continental
Congress met in 1775
1. Its members felt a strong desire for
independence
2. It cut off communications with the British
government
3. It continued to stall on the creation of a navy
4. It resolved to keep fighting in the hope that the
British would redress the colonists’ grievances
5. The conservative element was weakened
Robber Barrons’ Question
Perhaps the most important single action of
the Second Continental Congress was to
1. Select George Washington to head the
army
2. Draft new appeals to the king
3. Adopt measures to raise money
4. Postpone an immediate demand for
independence
5. Support independence
Rough Riders’ Question
Perhaps the most important single action of
the Second Continental Congress was to
1. Select George Washington to head the
army
2. Draft new appeals to the king
3. Adopt measures to raise money
4. Postpone an immediate demand for
independence
5. Support independence
Rough Riders’ Question
The Olive Branch Petition
1. Was passed by Parliament
2. Was an expression of King George III’s
desire for peace
3. Promised no treason charges if colonists
stopped fighting
4. Was an attempt by the colonists to gain
support of Native Americans
5. Professed American loyalty to the Crown
Robber Barrons’ Question
The Olive Branch Petition
1. Was passed by Parliament
2. Was an expression of King George III’s
desire for peace
3. Promised no treason charges if colonists
stopped fighting
4. Was an attempt by the colonists to gain
support of Native Americans
5. Professed American loyalty to the Crown
Robber Barrons’ Question
Thomas Paine: Common Sense
ST6**ED HERE Discussion Question #4
Thomas Paine argued that all
government officials
1. Were corrupt
2. Should derive their authority from
popular consent
3. Should be part of a “natural aristocracy”
4. Need not listen to the voice of the
uneducated
5. Should not be paid for their service
Rough Riders’ question
Thomas Paine argued that all
government officials
1. Were corrupt
2. Should derive their authority from
popular consent
3. Should be part of a “natural aristocracy”
4. Need not listen to the voice of the
uneducated
5. Should not be paid for their service
Rough Riders’ question
Thomas Paine’s pamphlet
Common Sense
1. Was published before any fighting took
place between the colonists and the
British
2. Remained unpopular for several years
before being accepted by the public
3. Called for a democratic republic
4. Called on the British people to overthrow
the King
5. Led to Paine’s arrest
Robber Barrons’ Question
Thomas Paine’s pamphlet
Common Sense
1. Was published before any fighting took
place between the colonists and the
British
2. Remained unpopular for several years
before being accepted by the public
3. Called for a democratic republic
4. Called on the British people to overthrow
the King
5. Led to Paine’s arrest
Robber Barrons’ Question
Declaration of Independence
(1776)
Discussion Question #5
The Declaration of Independence
did all of the following except
1. Invoke the natural rights of humankind to
justify revolt
2. Catalog the tyrannical actions of King
George III
3. Argue that royal tyranny justified revolt
4. Blame the colonies’ problems on the
British Parliament
5. Condemn the abolition of valued law
Rough Riders’ Question
The Declaration of Independence
did all of the following except
1. Invoke the natural rights of humankind to
justify revolt
2. Catalog the tyrannical actions of King
George III
3. Argue that royal tyranny justified revolt
4. Blame the colonies’ problems on the
British Parliament
5. Condemn the abolition of valued law
Rough Riders’ Question
Declaration of Independence
Independence Hall
New
National
Symbols
On the Eve of the
Revolution ?
Britain
Americans
Advantages
?
?
Disadvantages
?
?
Loyalist
Strongholds
Washington’s Headaches
Only 1/3 of the colonists were in
favor of a war for independence [the
other third were Loyalists, and the
final third were neutral].
State/colony loyalties.
Congress couldn’t tax to raise money
for the Continental
Army.
Poor training [until
the arrival of
Baron von Steuben.
Exports & Imports: 1768-1783
Military Strategies
The Americans
Attrition [the
Brits had a long
supply line].
Guerilla tactics
[fight an
insurgent war 
you don’t have
to win a battle,
just wear the
British down]
Make an
alliance with
one of Britain’s
enemies.
The British
Break the
colonies in half
by getting
between the
No. & the So.
Blockade the
ports to prevent
the flow of
goods and
supplies from an
ally.
“Divide and
Conquer”  use
the Loyalists.
Phase I: The Northern Campaign
[1775-1776]
Bunker Hill (June, 1775)
The British suffered over 40% casualties.
King George III officially declared
the colonies in rebellion just after
1. The armed class at Lexington and
Concord
2. The First Continental Congress
convened
3. The Battle of Bunker Hill
4. Benedict Arnold’s forces’ captured
Ticonderoga and Crown Point
5. Hiring Hessian soldiers to fight in
America
Robber Barrons’ Question
King George III officially declared
the colonies in rebellion just after
1. The armed class at Lexington and
Concord
2. The First Continental Congress
convened
3. The Battle of Bunker Hill
4. Benedict Arnold’s forces’ captured
Ticonderoga and Crown Point
5. Hiring Hessian soldiers to fight in
America
Robber Barrons’ Question
Phase II:
NY & PA
[1777-1778]
New York City in Flames
(1776)
Washington Crossing the Delaware
Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851
Saratoga:
“Turning Point”
of the War?
A modern-day re-enactment
Discussion Question #8
After the humiliating defeat at Saratoga in
1777, the British Parliament
1.
2.
3.
4.
Elected a new prime minister
Rejected an American peace offer
Asked the French to join their cause
Passed a bill that offered Americans
home rule
5. Replaced their entire officer corps in
America
Rough Riders’ Question
After the humiliating defeat at Saratoga in
1777, the British Parliament
1.
2.
3.
4.
Elected a new prime minister
Rejected an American peace offer
Asked the French to join their cause
Passed a bill that offered Americans
home rule
5. Replaced their entire officer corps in
America
Rough Riders’ Question
The Battle of Saratoga was a key victory for
the Americans because it
1. Brought the British to offer recognition of
colonial independence
2. Brought the colonists much-needed aid and
a formal alliance with France
3. Prevented the fighting from spreading into
the southern colonies
4. Prevented the colonial capital from being
captured by the British
5. Kept Benedict Arnold from joining the British
Robber Barrons’ Question
The Battle of Saratoga was a key victory for
the Americans because it
1. Brought the British to offer recognition of
colonial independence
2. Brought the colonists much-needed aid and
a formal alliance with France
3. Prevented the fighting from spreading into
the southern colonies
4. Prevented the colonial capital from being
captured by the British
5. Kept Benedict Arnold from joining the British
Robber Barrons’ Question
Let’s look at our Discussion
Questions for this next section
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
What type of government did Adam’s want?
(pg. 192-193)
Why was popular sovereignty so important?
(pg. 193)
Describe how the Virginia constitution was set
up. (pg. 193)
How are members of the bicameral legislation
chosen in the Massachusetts Constitution?
(pg. 195)
Who was given the most power under the
Articles of Confederation? (pg. 195)
Who were the loyalists? Why were they willing
to fight longer than the Patriots? (pg. 196)
List at least two events that led to the collapse
of the Continental dollar? (pg. 198)
Some Indian nations joined the British
during the Revolutionary War because
1. The British threatened them with
destruction if they did not help
2. They believed that a British
victory would restrain American
expansion into the West
3. The British hired them as
mercenaries
4. They were bound by treaties
5. None of the above
Rough Rider’s Question
Some Indian nations joined the British
during the Revolutionary War because
1. The British threatened them with
destruction if they did not help
2. They believed that a British
victory would restrain American
expansion into the West
3. The British hired them as
mercenaries
4. They were bound by treaties
5. None of the above
Rough Rider’s Question
Phase III: The Southern
Strategy [1780-1781]
Britain’s “Southern Strategy”
Britain thought that there were more
Loyalists in the South.
Southern resources were more
valuable/worth preserving.
The British win a number of small
victories, but cannot pacify the
countryside [similar to U. S. failures
in Vietnam!]
Good US General:
Nathanial Greene
The Battle of Yorktown (1781)
Count de
Rochambeau
Admiral
De Grasse
Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:
“The World Turned Upside Down!”
Painted by John Trumbull, 1797
North America After the
Treaty of Paris, 1783
Discussion Questions
• After the Battle of Yorktown, the
Treaty of Paris was signed. What
agreements were made? (pg. 206)
Wholesale
Price
Index:
1770-1789
Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist
Strongholds at the End of the War
Weaknesses of the
Articles of Confederation
A unicameral Congress
[9 of 13 votes to pass a law].
13 out of 13 to amend.
Representatives were
frequently absent.
Could not tax or raise armies.
No executive or judicial
branches.
State Constitutions
Republicanism.
Most had strong governors with veto
power.
Most had bicameral legislatures.
Property required for voting.
Some had universal white male
suffrage.
Most had bills of rights.
Many had a continuation of stateestablished religions while others
disestablished religion.
Occupational Composition of
Several State Assemblies
in the 1780s
Indian Land Cessions:
1768-1799
Disputed Territorial Claims
Between Spain & the U. S.:
1783-1796
State Claims to Western Lands
Land Ordinance of 1785
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
One of the major accomplishments of the
Confederation Congress!
Statehood achieved in three stages:
1. Congress appointed 3 judges & a governor to
govern the territory.
2. When population reached 5,000 adult male
landowners  elect territorial legislature.
3. When population reached 60,000  elect
delegates to a state constitutional convention.
Discussion Questions
• What led to cotton replacing
tobacco as the new cash crop of
the south? (pg. 209)
• Why did the idea of Republican
motherhood come about and what
is it? How did this increase
women’s power? (pg. 210)
• What did the Northwest Ordinance
create? (pg. 211)
The United States in 1787
American Exports, To & From
Britain: 1783-1789
Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-7
Daniel Shays
Western MA
Small farmers angered by crushing
debts and taxes.
Discussion Question
• What caused Shay’s Rebellion?
(pg. 215)
Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-7
Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-7
There could be no
stronger evidence of
the want of energy in
our governments than
these disorders.
-- George Washington