Transcript The Rise and Fall of Napoleon

History Repeats Itself
The Early Years
The Directory
 Robespierre is finished
 July 28th 1794 executed
 Directory is established
 5 directors to ensure
laws carried out.
 New Constitution
 Ends universal male
suffrage
 Controlled by Wealthy
middle class
Directory’s Troubles
Pick 2
Foreign Wars
Costing
A lot Of $
CRISIS
France’s Army
Weak From
Fighting
Food
Shortage
Napoleon Gains Attention
October 1795
 Napoleon ordered to
guard members of the
National Convention
 Successfully defended
and became a national
hero
 1796
 Napoleon appointed to
lead the French vs.
Austria and Sardinia
 Sweeps into Italy and
conquers
 Covers up his defeat in
Egypt by the British.
The Coup d’Etat
 November 1799
 People had lost faith in
the Directory
 Napoleon urged to take
control
 Directory is dissolved
and Napoleon
appointed consul (1 of 3)
 Quickly takes control
and becomes dictator
 1799-Austria, Britain,
and Russia
 Join forces to defeat
Napoleon
 Through war and
diplomacy he signs
treaties with all
three

By 1802 there is peace
in Europe
Domestic Success
 People need a strong leader
 The Napoleonic Code
 Napoleon keeps some
 Uniform set of laws that
Revolution changes
 Sets up efficient tax
collection and national
bank
 Dismisses corrupt officials
 Goes against the Revolution
 Gov’t recognizes Church
influence but keeps them
from national affairs
limited individual rights
 Freedom of speech and
press are restricted
 Restores slavery in the
French Caribbean
Emperor Napoleon
December 2, 1804
 Napoleon becomes
emperor of France
 Has support of the
people
 Napoleon crowns
himself

Shows his authority over
the Church
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Napoleon’s Empire &
Fall
Napoleon’s Empire
 Saint Domingue (Haiti)
 People (including slaves)
wanted Revolutionary
reforms
 Civil War erupts

Disease wreaks havoc on
French troops and expedition
fails
 Giving up the West
 Sells the Louisiana Purchase
to U.S.


Gains money for European
Wars
Punishes the British
“The sale assures forever the power of the United States, and I have given
England a rival who, sooner or later, will humble her pride.”
 Battle of Trafalgar
 British navy defeats
French navy
 Napoleon’s only
major loss in Europe
 Assured British
Conquering Europe
 Europe is fearful
 Britain, Russia, Austria,
and Sweden join forces
against Napoleon.
 Napoleon used
unpredictable tactics
lead to victories
 Austria, Prussia, and
Russia sign treaties and
give land
 France has largest
European empire since
the Romans
naval superiority
 Napoleon gave up on
defeating Britain
The Fall of the Empire
The Invasion of Russia
 The Continental System
 Blockades Britain from all
other European countries
but fails
 Britain responds with its
own blockade which is
more successful
 The Peninsular War
 Attempt to force blockade
on Spain
 Guerilla fighters and
British troops kill 30,000
French troops
 Nationalism erupts across
Europe

 Russia felt Napoleon had





plans on taking Poland
June 1812, 420,000 French
troops enter Russia
Czar Alexander pulls his
troops back and uses the
scorched-earth policy
Napoleon keeps marching
until he hits Moscow (is
burnt down)
Turns back in October and
forced to march home
through Russian winter
Only 10,000 survived
exhaustion, starvation, and
wounds
Napoleon’s Last Stand
Spotting a weakness
 Britain, Russia, Prussia,
Sweden, and Austria
fight back
 Napoleon’s new army
untrained and
unprepared
January-March 1814
 Prussia and Russia
conquer Paris
 Napoleon surrenders
and is exiled to Elba
 The Hundred Days
 Louis XVIII takes the
French throne but is
unpopular
 Napoleon escapes Elbawelcomed back as
emperor
 Battle of Waterloo (June
18, 1815)

Britain and Prussia attack
and win
 Napoleon’s Exiled to St.
Helena where he dies in
1821
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