Transcript historical-context

The Crusades
How the Muslims learned
to hate the West
The Start of the Crusades
• In 1070 AD, Pope Urban
II told his European that
they needed to liberate
Israel from the Turks and
Muslims.
• The Crusaders marched
all the way to Israel,
killing almost 70,000
Muslims.
• This was the first
Crusade.
Pope Urban II addresses
the European people
A Map of the Crusades
The Third, Most Brutal Crusade
King Richard I
• Salah-al-Din (Saladin)
was a Muslim leader.
• Salahdin vs. King
Richard.
• King Richard kills
many Muslims.
Richard Vs. Salahdin
• Battles were fierce,
but both men
respected each other.
• Fought as equals.
• Something the
Muslims didn’t
experience since.
• 1193, Richard went
back to England.
• Salahdin had won.
The End of the Crusades
• Salahdin died that
same year
• He left a huge
empire.
• After a total of 8, the
Crusades ended in
1291.
• The Muslims looked
on the Christians as
infidels.
• Still trusted the Jews.
Byzantium
“Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople
on 12 April 1204”
by Eugene Delacroix
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The Crusades’ Everlasting
Affect On the Muslims
• Became isolated from
“West.”
• Believe that Europe
ended their “Golden
Age.”
• The Crusades is a faded
event for the West, but it
still lives in the minds of
the Muslims to this day.
Colonialism
How the English and the French
denied the Muslims of their
freedom
Napoleon and the French Invasion
• Napoleon Bonaparte
wanted his empire
bigger than England’s.
• Decided to conquer
Middle East.
• Was kind to Muslims.
• But they still did not
like him because of his
use of technology.
The Revolt In Cairo
Napoleon rides his horse • The Muslims of Cairo
revolted against the
in battle
French.
• Napoleon was
surprised.
• He ordered his troops
to shoot any Egyptian
who carried a weapon.
• After being in control
for 3 years, Napoleon
went back to Europe.
From Ottoman to
England
• During WWI,
England promised to
give an independent
Arab state if they
helped defeat the
Ottoman Turks.
• Unaware to the
Muslims, Sykes-Picot
Agreement did
opposite.
• Arab revolt against
Turks.
Arabs Revolt
Against Ottomans
T.E. Lawrence & Faisal Hussein
• T.E. Lawrence, aka Lawrence of Arabia,
sent to bring order to Arab revolt.
• Met Faisal Hussein, son of Sharif Hussein.
• Successfully fought Turks.
• Guerilla war tactics.
The Fate of the Middle East
An Arabian Desert
• January 18, 1919, both went to
Paris Peace Conference.
• Interest was in territory, not
peace.
• Rather than Arab independence,
Middle East divided into small
territories by Europeans.
• Changed masters from Muslim
Turks to European Christians.
Versailles Peace Conference
Zionism
• Threat to Fallahin, Arab
peasants in Palestine.
• Jews bought up their land for
prices they could not pay.
• Balfour Declaration promised
a Jewish homeland.
• Palestinians rioted.
• White Paper in 1939 promised
Palestine to Arabs now.
• In 1948, UN voted to make
Palestine a Jewish state, not an
Arab one.
Foreign Office
The Balfour Declaration
November 2nd, 1917
Dear Lord Rothschild,
I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government,
the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has
been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet.
"His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a
national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to
facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing
shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing nonJewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews
in any other country."
I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the
Zionist Federation.
Yours sincerely,
Arthur James Balfour
Muslims Vs. West
• Muslims countries colonized by Europeans.
• France brought ideas of Western development to backward
Muslims.
• Britain promised an independent state to Arabs but gave it to
the Jews in 1948.
• Muslims say West plots to get their oil but won’t not share
better technology.
• Say holy religion of Islam disrespected.
• Result is feelings of resentment and hostility towards West.
THE END!