Transcript Resistance and Collaboration

Samori Toure of the Mandinka.
 Built his Mandika empire by 1875
 was a strong ruler and had an army of about 30,000
men both infantry and cavalry.
 Converted to Islam as a youth
 Used Islam to unify the Mandika people so during
partition they were united.
 Bought riles from Sierra Leone
 had is own factory where he manufactured and
repaired guns.
Samori Toure
 Fought the French in 1887 and both parties sued for peace
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each with different intensions.
he divided his army into 3 divisions the Front ,the rear
and the middle.
Tried to collaborate with the British but they turned him
down,
tried to forge an alliance with other African rulers they too
turned him down too scared of the French
Samori had to fight alone
 Fought again in 1891 and Samori used Scorched –
earth Policy to avoid the French artillery and
machine guns.
 This method slowed the French advancement, He
adopted surprise attack and withdrawal.
 Crops animals and Villages were destroyed.
 Forced French to stop invasion in 1892.
 1893 Fighting started again he had to conquer
other people to get land
Samori
 Scored several victories against the French
 but as he retreated to barren lands famine greatly
weakened his soldiers and he gave up fighting in 1898.
 He was exiled to Gabon where he died in 1900.
 Samori resisted the French for over 10 years again
here it was the Maxim guns that won the day.
The Ndebele Rebellion
 Ndebele had fled from Shaka and his wars in
South Africa in 1820s and moved to the Limpopo
river in modern Zimbabwe.
 Their king was known as Lobengula on the eve of
Scramble
 The British were interested in gold and feared
other powers such as Portuguese and the Germans
 They also feared the Boers
 So Rev Moffat convinced Lobengula to sign a treaty
of trade and not to engage with other countries
 He was cheated by a missionary Rev. John
Moffat and Rev. Helm who interpreted the
treaty wrongly that Lobengula had signed
off his land.
 This was the so called Rudd Concession of
1888
 It gave Cecil Rhodes permission to minerals
in his land
 The treaty was in two parts: written and verbal.
Verbal favored Lobengula
 while written favored the BSA
 Europeans started to move to Matabeleland in
1890 to establish their home
 Activities of rival miners and educated Africans alerted
Lobengula who realized that there were two treaties
and Rev Helm had cheated him
 He summoned the Indunas (council)
 The pro- British induna who advised him was killed
together with the family
 Wrote to Britain to denounce the treaty
 Sent a delegation to meet the queen in 1889 but to no
avail.
 Having realized that they had been swindled of land and
they are pastoralists
 There was no repudiation of the treaty so he resorted
to fight
Ndebelle Rebellion
They also resented British taking their Land &
cattle
So they took up arms and fought in 1893 and 1896
in both wars they were defeated due to maxim
guns.
 100 British troops were killed and hundreds of the
Ndebele warriors
 Ndebele were driven out of their land
 Rhodes negotiated for peace as Ndebele were still
fighting since people were dying on both sides so
the rebellion ended in 1896.
Primary resistance,
 In these armed conflicts Africans were defeated due to
the following:
 Superior Weapons.
 Divide and rule policy.
 Use of African auxiliaries.
 Enticing collaborators by promising them loot such as
land and cattle e.g. Buganda that was given Bunyoro
lands