Transcript Copy each statement on the top half of NB p. 28, then re-write

Copy each statement on the top half of NB p. 31,
then re-write it on the bottom half to make it true by
changing the underlined phrase. DON’T SKIP LINES!
1. In 1779, Americans were receiving help from their allies
Germany and Russia.
2. The victories of Bernardo de Gálvez prevented the British
from attacking the United States from the northeast.
3. Baron de Kalb was nicknamed “the soldier’s friend.”
4. The German officer Baron Rothschild trained Washington’s
army at Valley Forge.
5. Valley Forge is remembered for its wet, rainy spring.
6. George Rogers Clark raised an army and captured Fort Pitt
in Indiana.
7. A privately owned ship that has permission to attack enemy
merchant vessels is called a mercenary.
8. Richard Bonhomme was an American naval officer who
declared “I have not yet begun to fight!”
On the top half of NB p. 30, explain how each
of these men helped to win American
independence.
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•
•
•
•
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Marquis de Lafayette –
Baron von Steuben –
George Rogers Clark –
John Paul Jones –
Bernardo de Galvez –
Baron de Kalb –
Benjamin Franklin –
(Allow two
lines per man)
Lesson 7.2: The War Expands
Today we will identify several key men who
helped fight for American independence.
Vocabulary
• identify – give details about a person that set
them apart from other people
• ally – a country that agrees to help another
country achieve a common goal
• desert – to leave military duty without
planning to return
• privateer – a privately-owned ship that a
government gives permission to attack
enemy merchant ships
Check for Understanding
• What are going to do today?
• How would you identify your parent to
someone who doesn’t know them?
• Why would the United States need an ally
against Britain to win independence?
• What do most people think of a soldier
who deserts?
• Why would the United States need to use
privateers against the British navy?
What We Already Know
France had been forced to abandon its lands in
North America after its defeat by Britain in the
French and Indian War.
What We Already Know
One of Britain’s great
advantages at the
beginning of the
Revolutionary War
was its large and
powerful navy.
What We Already Know
From the beginning,
Washington’s army
was poorly trained
and lacked adequate
supplies.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
Help from Abroad
• In the fall of 1776,
Congress sent
Benjamin Franklin to
Paris.
• His job was to ask
France to become
an ally of the United
States.
Help from Abroad
France was bitter over losing the French and Indian
War and wanted revenge against Britain, so they
decided to help the American colonies gain their
freedom.
Help from
Abroad
When news of the
victory at Saratoga
reached France, its
king recognized
U.S. independence
and France agreed
to become
America’s ally.
Help from
Abroad
• France sent funds,
supplies, and
troops to America.
• In 1779, France
persuaded its ally,
Spain, to help the
Americans, too.
Help from Abroad
Over the next two
years, Louisiana’s
Spanish governor
Bernardo de
Galvez captured
British forts in the
Mississippi Valley,
at Mobile in
Alabama, and at
Pensacola in West
Florida.
Help from Abroad
• By entering the
war, France and
Spain forced the
British to fight
several enemies
on land and sea.
• The British had to
station troops in
many places.
• For their help,
Spain would gain
new land for its
empire in North
America.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
How did Louisiana’s Spanish
governor Bernardo de Gálvez help
America during the Revolution?
A. He captured British strongholds in the
lower Mississippi Valley.
B. He captured the Serapis, showing that the
British navy could be beaten.
C. He sent a small army to take Mobile in
Alabama and Pensacola in West Florida.
D. He prevented the British from attacking the
United States from the southwest.
E. He used his own money to buy warm
clothing for Washington’s ragged troops.
How did Benjamin Franklin help
America win the Revolution?
A. By persuading France to be America’s ally
B. By leading a Continental regiment into
battle at Saratoga
C. By training Continental troops
D. By using his own money to buy warm
clothing for Washington’s ragged troops
6. Why did France agree to
become America’s ally during
the Revolutionary War?
A. The Americans had aided the French
during the French Revolution.
B. France wanted revenge after losing the
French and Indian War to the British.
C. France hoped the Americans would later
help them to defeat the Spanish.
D. Congress promised to restore the
Louisiana Purchase to France.
Europeans Help Washington
• Several army officers
from Europe helped
America.
• The Marquis de
Lafayette was a French
nobleman who served
in Washington’s army.
Europeans Help Washington
• He commanded an army division and fought
many battles.
• His men loved him because he shared their
hardships and bought them warm clothes.
• He also persuaded the French king to send
French troops to help the United States.
Europeans Help Washington
The Germans Baron Johann de Kalb and
Baron Friedrich von Steuben also helped
the American army.
Europeans Help Washington
• He became one of
Washington’s generals
and earned a reputation
for bravery.
• In 1780, he received 11
wounds in the Battle of
Camden and died.
Europeans Help Washington
Von Steuben taught American soldiers
how to march and to use military
weapons such as the bayonet.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
7. How did European officers aid
America in the Revolutionary War?
A. By arranging treaties with Britain’s
enemies Russia and Germany
B. By training Continental troops
C. By leading troops into battle
D. By helping the Americans get more
foreign aid
E. By spying on the British while serving
in their army
Winter at Valley Forge
• In late 1777, Britain’s General Howe forced
Washington’s army to retreat from Philadelphia.
• That winter, Washington and his army camped
at Valley Forge in eastern Pennsylvania.
Winter at Valley Forge
• They were short on supplies and shelter, so many
soldiers suffered or even died from malnutrition,
exposure to the cold, and diseases.
• Because of that, Valley Forge today symbolizes
the great hardships the Americans lived through
during the war.
Winter at Valley Forge
• In spite of the hard times, Washington and his
soldiers did not quit.
• Some soldiers did desert, but most of the army
stayed together because they loved their country
and General Washington.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
8. What did Valley Forge
come to stand for?
A. The outstanding military leadership
American officers provided during the
war
B. The creativity and ingenuity American
manufacturers displayed to provide
necessary military supplies
C. The great hardships the Americans
lived through during the war
D. The unwillingness of British officers
to use their many advantages to
defeat American forces
War on the Frontier
• In 1777, 24-year-old
George Rogers Clark
wanted to defend the
Western frontier from
the British.
• He raised an army,
and he and his men
captured British posts
in the West.
War on the Frontier
• They captured Kaskaskia
on the Mississippi River
without a fight.
• Next they targeted Fort
Sackville at Vincennes in
present-day Indiana.
War on the Frontier
Clark’s men slogged through miles of icy swamps
and waded through chest-deep water to catch the
British at Fort Sackville by surprise.
War on the Frontier
Clark and his men had
captured several Native
American allies of the
British and executed
some of them in plain
view of the fort.
War on the Frontier
When he
promised to do
the same to
the British if
they didn’t
surrender
immediately,
the British
gave up.
War on the Frontier
Clark’s victories gave Americans a hold on a
region that stretched between the Great
Lakes and the Ohio River.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
How did George Rogers Clark
defend the Western frontier?
A. By raising an army and leading his men
in the capture of several important
British posts
B. By giving Americans a hold on a large
region that stretched between the Great
Lakes and the Ohio River
C. By building a massive fortress on the
Ohio River that later became the city of
Cincinnati
D. By breaking through the British
blockade on the Ohio River
War at Sea
• By 1777, Britain had about
100 warships off the
American coast to control
the Atlantic trade routes.
• But American privateers
attacked British merchant
ships, capturing them,
selling their cargo, and
dividing the profits among
the crew.
War at Sea
• Motivated by both profit and patriotism, the
privateers captured hundreds of British
merchant ships.
• This disrupted trade, causing British
merchants to call for the war to end.
A Naval Hero
• Although the British
had more ships than
the United States, the
Continental Navy
scored many victories
against Britain.
• John Paul Jones was
a U.S. officer
commanding the
Bonhomme Richard,
patrolling the English
coast.
A Naval Hero
• In September, Jones’s vessels approached
a convoy in which two British warships
were guarding a number of supply ships.
• He attacked the Serapis, a British warship
that was larger and better armed than the
Bonhomme Richard.
A Naval Hero
• The two warships were so close together that
the muzzles of their guns almost touched.
• They blasted away, each seriously damaging
the other.
A Naval Hero
• As the two ships battered
each other, the confident
British captain demanded
that Jones surrender.
• Defiantly, Jones replied,
“I have not yet begun to
fight!”
A Naval Hero
• Crowds of British
civilians gathered on
the shore to watch
them fighting through
the night.
• Although the captain
of the Serapis finally
surrendered, the
Bonhomme Richard
was so full of holes
that it eventually
sank.
A Naval Hero
• Jones and his crew had to sail away
in the captured Serapis.
• Jones’s success against the best
navy in the world angered the British,
but it inspired Americans.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
How did privateers help the Americans in
the Revolutionary War?
A. By persuading leading members of the
British Parliament that the colonies should
be independent
B. By raising private donations from
Americans to support the war effort
C. By capturing hundreds of British merchant
ships and forcing British merchants to call
for the war to end
D. By serving as mercenary officers in the
Continental Army
9. What was John Paul Jones’s
major contribution during the war?
A. His pamphlets, such as Why We Fight,
which inspired many Americans to keep
struggling against the British.
B. His capture of the Serapis, which showed
that the British navy could be beaten.
C. His ability as a diplomat to persuade France
and Spain to support the American cause.
D. His willingness to use his own money to
buy warm clothing for ragged colonial
troops.