Transcript french_revolution_Napolean background

Napoleon Forges an Empire
Napoleon
Bonaparte led
soldiers against
the French
royalists in 1795
who were
attacking the
National
Convention.
The government was
unsettled in 1799.
Napoleon took
advantage of this
and suddenly seized
power or coup
d’état. The term is
French for "a
(sudden) blow (or
strike) to a state"
(literally, coup, hit,
and état, state).
Napoleon takes power as first council
The plebiscite of 1800 gives Napoleon the
mandate to play a role for which he is well suited
both in character and in terms of his 18th-century
education - that of the enlightened despot.
Napoleon’s
changes
He started
Tax collection
lycées-a new
was made more
fair and orderly so public school for
France could rely ordinary citizens.
He gave the
on a steady supply
church back
of money.
some of its
power and
Dishonest
signed a
government
concordat or
workers were
agreement with
removed.
the pope to gain
support of the
organized
church.
He wrote a new
set of laws called
the Napoleonic
Code which gave
all French
citizens the same
rights.
However, some
individual rights
were removed.
Free speech was
limited and
slavery was
restored in the
French colonies.
The Napoleonic Code, or Code
Civil, entered into force on March
21, 1804. Even though the
Napoleonic code was not the first
legal code to be established in a
European country— it is
considered the first successful
codification and strongly
influenced the law of other
countries.
The Napoleonic Code, formally
said, dealt only with civil law
issues, such as filiation and
property; It also did not deal with
how laws and regulations were to
be passed — which is reserved for
a constitution.
The Code, with its stress on
clearly written and accessible law,
was a major step in establishing
the rule of law.
Napoleon hoped to expand
his empire in Europe and
the New World.
In 1803, Bonaparte faced a major
setback when an army he sent to
re-conquer Haiti and establish a
base was destroyed by a
combination of yellow fever and
fierce resistance. Recognizing
that the French possessions on
the mainland of North America
would now be indefensible, and
facing imminent war with Britain,
he sold them to the United States
—the Louisiana Purchase—for less
than three cents per acre. The
dispute over Malta provided the
pretext for Britain to declare war
on France in 1803 to support
French royalists.
The Battle of Trafalgar in 1804 was a humiliating
defeat for France
The defeat prevented any possibility of an
invasion of England for Napoleon.
Mistake #1
In 1806
Napoleon
attempted to
blockade British
ports to hurt
their economy.
This Continental
System was to
make the
continent more
self sufficient.
The British Navy
put their own
blockade around
Europe which
weakened
Europe’s
economy.
The Collapse
of Napoleon’s
Empire
Mistake #3
In 1812 Napoleon
attempted to
conquer
Russia.The
Mistake #2
Russians
Napoleon made
retreated and
his brother King of
followed a
Spain in 1808.
scorched-earth
The Spanish
people were loyal policy leaving no
to their own king. livestock or grain
for the French
The peasant
Army. The onset
fighters called
guerrillas fought of Winter, attacks
against Napoleon and deserters left
only 10,000 of
in a war called
the original
The Peninsular
400,000 troops.
War.
Surrender at Madrid
Retreat from
Moscow
An alliance of Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden and Austria
attacked France and defeated Napoleon’s Army in 1813 at
Leipzig. The Battle of Leipzig or the Battle of the Nations
(16-19 October 1813) was the largest conflict in the
Napoleonic Wars and the most decisive defeat suffered by
Napoleon Bonaparte. Fought on German soil, it also
involved German troops on both sides, as a large
proportion of Napoleon 's troops actually came from the
German Confederation of the Rhine.
Napoleon was exiled from France to the small
island of Elba. He took a few of his soldiers with
him. He was allowed to keep his title of
emperor,promising to pay two million francs
every year to France. He was replaced on the
French throne by Louis XVIII.
Ten months after his exile
Napoleon escaped, returning
to France. His destination
was the city of Paris. He
gained support along his
route to Paris.
He finally marched into Paris with
a thousand of his old soldiers and
new supporters. He took over the
city and was back in power for a
short period of time that is now
known as "The Hundred Days".
Napoleon's return led him to a
final campaign in Belgium. He
was defeated in the Battle of
Waterloo.
The Effects of the French Revolution
and Napoleon’s Rule on Europe
The Congress
of Vienna met
for the
purpose of
restoring
order to
Europe.
Klemens von Metternich’s
3 goals
Metternich's three goals for the congress:
1
Make sure the French would not attack another
country again
2
He wanted a balance of power so no one country
would be a threat to another.
3
He wanted to return legitimacy back to the kings
Napoleon had driven out.
Czar Alexander of Russia, Emperor Francis I of
Austria and King Frederick William III of Prussia
formed the HOLY ALLIANCE
The Concert of Europe was the broad
cooperation between Europe's great powers
after 1815. Its purpose was to maintain the
peace settlement concluded at the Congress
of Vienna following the defeat of Napoleonic
France. The Concert of Europe was also
known as the Congress System, and the
person at the forefront of the Concert of
Europe was Klemens Wenzel von Metternich
of Austria. Specifically, the aim of the
Concert of Europe was for the leading
nations in Europe - Britain, Austria, Prussia
and Russia - to work together to prevent the
outbreak of revolution in each nation.
Europe's
great powers
after 1815
The Effects of The French Revolution
These were felt in several ways in countries outside
France. Due to the people's revolt against the monarchy,
the Russians succeeded in overthrowing the Czar and
transferring from an Absolute Monarchy to
Communism. England also benefited from this. The
people rebelled against the monarchy and caused the
English monarchs to lose all power and control over the
people. "The French Revolution was a step towards
replacing traditional aristocratic forms of government
with more open, elective systems.
Along with the American Revolution, it inspired reformers
throughout the western world."