Transcript World War I - Warren Hills Regional School District

Europe 1914
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
World War I
1914-1918
UNDERLYING CAUSES
1. Nationalism
• Emerged in 1800s – nationalities calling for political
unity / independence
2. Imperialism
• Colonization of Africa, Asia, etc. had led to conflicts
3. Militarism
• Glorification of armed strength
• Late 1800s – large well trained armies
• If one nation mobilized others followed suit
4. Alliance System
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:
G.B
Germany
France
A-H
Italy
Russia
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
Germany – Looking for protection?
 Bismarck feared France would seek revenge
• 1871 – Franco-Prussian War
 1881 – Three Emperor’s League – Germany, A-H,
Russia
• Stay neutral
 1882 –Triple Alliance – Ger, A-H, Italy
 1887 – Reinsurance Treaty w/ Russia
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
Putting together the Triple Entente
 France now looking for assistance
 1894 – France & Russia ally together
 G.B. angered by German naval build-up
 1907 – Triple Entente – GB, Russia, France
 Italy has their hand in both cookie jars ***
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
Europe 1914
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
Balkans - “The Powder Keg”
 Serbia independent – hoped
to join with BosniaHerzegovina
 1908 – A-H annexed BosniaHerzegovina
 Germany supported A-H
 Russia supported Serbia
• Pan Slavism
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
The Spark
 June 28, 1914
 Archduke Franz Ferdinand
(heir to A-H) assassinated
in Sarajevo
 Gavrilo Princip – Serbian
Nationalist – Black Hand assassin
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
Make a Prediction….
 Because of the
assassination of
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand, which of
the 4 M.A.I.N causes
leads Europe into the
“Great War?”
 EXPLAIN!
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
The Ultimatum
 A-H looked for punishment
• Needed Germany’s approval (support) – blank check
 A-H gives Ultimatum to Serbia
• A-H demanded Serbia get rid of any anti Austria-Hungary
books, teachers, groups, officials etc.
• Allow Austrian officials to conduct investigation
• If not…..face military action
 Serbia refuses to meet all demands
 July 28, 1914 – Austria-Hungary declared war on
Serbia
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
A CHAIN REACTION
 Russia begins to mobilize – support Serbia
• August 1 – Germany declares war on Russia
• August 3 - Germany declares war on France
 Belgium stays neutral
 August 4. 1914 – Germany rolls into Belgium to
get to France
• G.B declared war on Germany
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
The Schlieffen Plan
Germans fearful of
fighting a 2 front war
• Attack France 1st
• Russia less
industrialized (>
railroads)
• take longer to
mobilize their army.
• Plan: Attack France
through Belgium
European Nations Take Sides
The Central
Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
___________________
• Bulgaria
• Ottoman Empire
The Allied Powers
(Allies)
• Great Britain
• France
• Russia
___________________
• Japan
• Italy
• U.S (not till 1917)
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
Allies in Green / Central Powers in Orange
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
A Multi-Front War
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
The Western Front
• The German’s Schlieffen Plan
successful at first
• Sept. 5th – Allies attack Germans in
the First Battle of Marne
• After 4 days – Germans retreat
• First Battle of Marne – most important event
of war??
• War on the Western Front -STALEMATE
The Western Front
Trench Warfare
The Eastern Front
• Fought along the German/Russian
Boarder
• More mobile then W. Front
• Germans move through Russia
• Russia:
• Weakness: less industrialized
• Strength: Numbers
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
New Advancements in
Warfare and
Life in the Trenches
Read through the packet
•Create a Journal – First person
•3 days – 3 Entries
•7-8 sentences each
•Detailing life in the trenches & new
weapons used…. use info from the packet.
•30 pts. total
October 31, 1914 – Ypres, France
I bade farewell to my right leg, and to my career as a
soldier, outside a trench at Gheluvelt, near Ypres, on
October 29th, 1914. In the First Battle of Ypres the British
were out-numbered by seven to one. On the previous
evening we took over trenches - not deep or elaborate ones
- from an English regiment.
Journals due on Weds 2/12
Global War
 The Allies Looking to end the
stalemate
• Attack the Dardanelles
(O.E)
• Gateway to Constantinople
 Goals
• Defeat the Turks
• Supply line to Russia
Failure: 250,000 Casualties
Global War cont.
 Southwest Asia
 British soldier – T.E.
Lawrence
• Lawrence of Arabia
 Guerrilla raids against
the Turks
• Baghdad
• Jerusalem
• Damascus
Global War cont.
 Germany’s Colonies
• Asia & Africa
 Japanese
• Outpost in China
• Pacific Islands
 English/French
• Seize 3 of the 4
German African
colonies
 British/French
Recruit men from
Colonies
• Troops
• Laborers
• Supplied front lines
Hoped to gain
independence
after the War.
Total War
 A war in which nations
turn all their resources to
the war effort became
known as “total war.”
 Soldiers were drafted
civilians. (conscription)
 Men who were not
drafted, as well as women,
worked in arms factories.
Total War cont.
 Rationing – people could only buy
small amounts of items that were
needed for the war effort.
• Examples
• Butter
• Shoe leather
• Bread
“MEATLESS
MONDAY”
&
“WHEATLESS
WEDNESDAY”
Total War cont.
Total War cont.
DO WE STILL USE
PROPAGANDA?
Can you think of any examples???
The U.S Enters the War
Read pgs. 754-755 “The U.S Enters the
War” (Blue Books)
•Create a cause an effect chart
Event
Unrestricted
Submarine
Warfare
The Lusitania
Zimmerman
Note
Cause
Effect
Revolution in Russia
 Incompetent generals/corruption/lack of
food
• Riots erupt in St. Petersburg
 Tsar is overthrown
• Lenin came to power
 Treaty of Brest - Litovsk
• Signed with Germany March 1918
 Russia Withdrew from the war!!!
 Germany turns its effort to the Western
Final Days of War
 July 1918 – Allies and Germans fight the Second
Battle of Marne
 Germans advance – Miles from Paris
 With the help of American Troops the Allies defeat
the Germans.
 Nov. 9. 1918 – Kaiser Wilhelm II forced to step
down
 Armistice (agreement to stop fighting) is signed
 WWI ends on Nov. 11, 1918
Assignment
 In your textbook – read “Making
Peace” on pages 834-838.
• Complete the Note Taking Study
Guide WKST.
• IF NOT COMPLETED IN CLASS IT
IS HOMEWORK!
Happy Friday 
Assignment
 In your textbook – read “The
Fourteen Points” on page 833.
 What are the terms of the 14
Point Plan?
 What does Wilson want for
Eastern Europe?
The Fourteen Point Plan
 Woodrow Wilson – US President
 List his terms for resolving this and future
wars
•
•
•
•
Freedom of the seas
Free trade
Large scale reductions of arms
End secret treaties
• Eastern Europe – Self-determination (the right of people
to choose their own govt.
• League of Nations – keep Peace
The Treaty of Versailles
Read The Treaty of Versailles
• Highlight key terms of the treaty
• Answer the 10 questions on the back
on a separate sheet of paper.
THE BIG THREE
 France –
 Who?
 What does he want?
 The United States –
 Who?
 What does he want?
 Great Britain –
 Who?
 What does he want?
USE PAGE -- 836 in your
textbook!
photos courtesy of www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
Map Exercise
Study the two maps on pg. 837
•
Answer questions 1-3
Write a paragraph explaining what changed. Make sure you
include:
⇒ New countries created
⇒ Which countries have changed
⇒ Why you think the changes were made
⇒ Why the changes might upset Germany even more