Transcript HONEY BEES!x

HONEY BEES!
BROUGHT TO YOU BY
THE HONEY BEE INSECT
• A HONEY BEE COLONY
 LARGE ORGANIZED
 HYMENOPTERA OR WINGED INSECT
 TERM HYMENOPTERA REFERS TO…
 HYMEN-REFERRING TO MEMBRANE…..PTERA
REFERRING TO WING
 LARGEST ORDER OF INSECTS
 SAWFLIES, WASPS, BEES, AND ANT BEES
HYMENOPTERA
• COMPLETE DEVELOPMENT
 EGG, LARVA, PUPA, ADULT
THIRD LARGEST ORDER OF INSECTS WORLD WIDE
HYMENOPTERA ONLY INSECTS BESIDE ISOPTERAN (TERMITE) TO HAVE
EVOLVED COMPLEX SOCIAL SYSTEM WITH DIVISION OF LABOR
HYMENOPTERA
MOST HYMENOPTERA HAVE UNSPECIALIZED MOUTH PARTS WITH EXCEPTION
TO HONEY BEE
 MAXILLAE AND LABIUM ARE MODIFIED INTO A PROBOSCIS THAT WORKS LIKE A
TONGUE TO COLLECT NECTAR FROM FLOWERS
 MANDIBLES ARE USED TO GATHER OR MANIPULATE POLLEN AND WAX.
ADULTS HAVE TWO PAIRS OF WINGS
 FRONT AND HIND WINGS LINKED TOGETHER BY HOOKS (HAMULI)
 OPERATE IN UNISON
HYMENOPTERA
FEMALES DEVELOP FROM FERTILIZED EGGS
MALES DEVELOP FROM UNFERTILIZED EGGS
FEMALES CONTROL WEATHER OR NOT AN EGGS IS
FERTILIZED THEY CAN REGULATE THE SEX RATIO OF THEIR
OFFSPRING
ONLY INSECTS THAT CAN STING
• WORKER BEES
LIFE CYCLE
WORKER BEES
o DEVELOP FROM FERTILIZED EGGS
o FEMALES, HAS STINGER CAN DEFEND THE HIVE
o DEVELOPS IN TWENTY ONE DAYS
o LIVES FOR FOUR TO SIX WEEKS IN WARMER MONTHS AND SIX TO EIGHT
WEEKS IN COOLER MONTHS
o MAKE UP NINETY PERCENT OF THE COLONY POPULATION
o HAVE A STINGER AND CAN DEFEND THE HIVE
o SCOUT BEES
o FORAGER
o NURSE BEES
o GUARD BEES
o CAN LAY UNFERTILIZED EGGS (LAYS DRONE EGGS) IF WORKER LAYS
EGGS SHE WILL OFTEN LAY MORE THEN ONE EGGS PER CELL
LIFE CYCLE
DRONE BEES
• DRONE BEES
o MATE WITH THE QUEEN
o DO NOT HAVE STINGER AND CANNOT DEFEND THE HIVE
o DEVELOPS IN 24 DAYS
o DEVELOPS FROM UNFERTILIZED EGGS
o LARGER EGGS, REQUIRES LARGER CELLS FOR DEVELOPMENT
o DIES OFF IN LARGER NUMBERS IN COLD MONTHS
LIFE CYCLE
QUEENS
• THERE ARE THREE CASTES OF BEES: QUEEN, WORKER, DRONE
o QUEENS
o MATES WITH DRONES
o LAYS EGGS SINGLY IN HEXAGON CELLS
o DEVELOP FROM UNFERTILIZED EGGS
o LARGER BEES, REQUIRE LARGER CELLS TO DEVELOP
o DEVELOP IN 15 ½ DAYS
o FED BY WORKER BEES DURING DEVELOPMENT
o ONLY ONE QUEEN IS PRESENT IN HIVE USUALLY
o VIRGIN QUEEN MATES DURING NUPTIAL FLIGHT, MATES WITH SEVERAL
DRONES DURING FLIGHT
o QUEEN LIVES THREE TO FIVE YEARS
WHAT HONEY BEES CAN SEE
• BEES SEE “PRIMARY COLORS” AS BLUE, GREEN AND ULTRAVIOLET
• THEY CAN DISTINGUISH YELLOW, ORANGE, BLUE-GREEN, VIOLET, PURPLE, AS
COMBINATIONS OF THEIR THREE PRIMARY COLORS.
• HUMANS SEE “PRIMARY COLORS” AS RED, BLUE, AND GREEN
• WE CAN DISTINGUISH ABOUT 60 OTHER COLORS AS COMBINATIONS
OF OUR THREE
PRIMARY COLORS.
HOW HONEY BEES HEAR
The honey bees antennae
o Bee’s nose and tounge
o Detects smell and taste
o Can hear by detecting movement of particles
in the air
WHAT HONEY BEES CAN SEE.
• HONEY BEES CANNOT DISTINGUISH THE COLOR RED
• THEY CAN DISTINGUISH SHADES OF LIGHT AND DARK
• VERY GOOD AT SEEING EDGES AND LINES AS WELL AS CORNERS
• HAVE DIFFICULTY SEEING CIRCLES OR ROUND SHAPES
• CAN USE ODOR CLUES TO SEEK OUT FLOWERS IN SHORT DISTANCES
• FLOWERS EVOLVE TO ATTRACT INSECT POLLINATORS
• FLOWERS HAVE ULTRAVIOLET PATTERNS ATTRACTIVE TO BEES
• BEHAVIOR EXPERIMENTS USED WITH BEES
thanks to Michael Simone-Finstrom, a postdoctoral researcher
in NC State’s apiculture program,
HOW DO BEES SEE AND WHAT DO THEY SEE?
HONEY BEES CANNOT SEE THE SAME SPECTRUM OF LIGHT
THAT HUMANS CAN SEE. HONEY BEES SEE THE ULTRAVIOLET
SPECTRUM THAT HUMANS CANNOT SEE.
HOW HONEY BEES CAN SEE.
HONEY BEES HAVE COMPOUND EYES AND SIMPLE EYES
• COMPOUND (2) EYES
o COMPOSED OF MANY SMALL
PLATES COVERED WITH HAIR
o HAIR AIDES IN DETERMINING
WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION
WHEN BEE IS FLYING
o EACH PLATE SENDS AN IMAGE TO
BRAIN AND THEN COMBINES
• SIMPLE (3) EYES…OCELLI
o SINGLE LENS
o TOP OF HEAD
o CAN SEE ULTRAVIOLET
LIGHT
o AIDES IN NAVIGATION
IMAGES
o BEE SEE IN EXTREME DETAIL
o LOCKS ON TO FAST MOVING
OBJECTS
WWW.KEEPING-HONEY-BEES.COM
EYES
A---COMPOUND EYES…………B---SIMPLE EYES
References:
http://www.uni.illinois.edu/~stone2/Bee_anatomy.html
http://www.squidoo.com/kidsinvestigatebees?utm_source=google&utm_medium=imgres&utm_campaign=framebuster
http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/zoology/insects-arachnids/bee1.htm
http://www.michiganbees.org/
http://www.pestworldforkids.org/bees.html