Transcript Cold War - My CCSD

Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962
• “In the face of an air attack (on Cuba) and in the
face of the probability of a ground attack, it was
certainly possible, and I would say probable, that a
Cuban sergeant or Soviet officer in a missile silo,
without authority from Moscow, would have
launched one or more of those intermediate-range
missiles, equipped with a nuclear warhead, against
one or more of the cities on the East Coast of the
United States.”
Robert McNamara – U.S. Secretary of Defense 1961-68
4 largest countries
(geographical size)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Russia
Canada
United States (tied with China)
People’s Republic of China (tied with U.S.)
4 largest countries
(by population)
1.
2.
3.
4.
People’s Republic of China
India
United States of America
Indonesia
1,300,000,000
1,200,000,000
300,000,000
275,000,000
3 levels of government
Federal (national)
State
Local (county, city)
3 branches of government
Legislative
• Makes law
Executive
• Enforces
law
Judicial
• Determines
law
11.0 The Cold War
• 11.1 Student will describe the causes and
effects of the Cold War on Europe, including the
Marshall Plan, the Berlin Blockade, and NATO.
• 11.2 Student will describe the causes and
effects of the Cold War on the Middle East,
including Egypt, Israel, and Afghanistan.
Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan_4MIN
11.0 The Cold War
• 11.3 Student will describe the causes and
effects of the Cold War on Japan and China.
• 11.4 Student will describe the causes, course,
and character of the Korean War, including the
United Nations security council, the Pusan
Perimeter, General Macarthur, Inchon, the
Yalu River, and the 38th Parallel.
11.0 The Cold War
• 11.5 Student will describe the causes and effects
of the Cold War on the Americas, including Cuba
and the United States.
• 11.6 Student will describe the causes, course,
character, and effects of communism; The
Vietnam War, including the Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution; the Tet Offensive; Ho Chi Minh; Dien
Bien Phu, Ngo Dinh Diem; and the Paris Peace
Accord.
atomic bombing
of Hiroshima
The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of
Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945 rose some 18
kilometers (11 miles) above the bomb's hypocenter.
atomic
bombing of
Hiroshima
"Little Boy" was the codename of the atomic
bomb dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945
by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay.
“Fat man” – the bomb dropped on
Nagasaki, Japan August 9th 1945
The first atomic bomb
• The first effect of the explosion was blinding light,
accompanied by radiant heat from the fireball.
• The Hiroshima fireball was 1,200 feet (370 m) in
diameter, with a temperature of 7,200 °F (3,980 °C).
• Near ground zero, everything flammable burst into
flame, glass products and sand melted into molten
glass, and any humans were either vaporized or
turned to carbon in an instant.
• One famous, anonymous Hiroshima victim left only a
shadow, permanently etched into stone steps near a
bank building.
Communist allies
The Soviet Union controlled
eastern Europe after World
War II and established a
buffer zone of Sovietcontrolled communist
states.
Collectively, they were
known as the Eastern Bloc.
Iron Curtain – during the Cold War, the
boundary separating the Communist nations of
Eastern Europe from the mostly democratic
nations of Western Europe.
Communist allies
Iron Curtain –
during the Cold War,
the boundary
separating the
Communist nations of
Eastern Europe from
the mostly democratic
nations of Western
Europe.
Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong on a
Chinese postage stamp
Chinese Chairman Mao Zedong and
Russian Premier Nikita Khrushchev.
World History Course Vocabulary
NATO
Warsaw Pact
• North Atlantic Treaty
Organization.
• 1948 – US, Canada, and
several western European
nations form this military
alliance in reaction to the
growing Soviet threat.
NATO flag
• 1955-1991.
• Soviet-led military alliance
created to counter NATO.
• Consisted of: Soviet Union,
Poland, East Germany,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
Romania, Bulgaria,
Albania.
World History Course Vocabulary
containment
• U.S. foreign policy
adopted by President
Harry Truman in the late
1940s, in which the
United States tried to stop
the spread of communism
by creating alliances and
helping weak countries to
resist Soviet advances.
Third World
• During the Cold War, the
developing nations not
allied with either the
United States or the Soviet
Union.
World History Course Vocabulary
Cold War
Truman Doctrine
• U.S. policy of giving
economic and
military aid to free
nations threatened by
internal or external
opponents,
announced by
President Harry
Truman in 1947.
McCarthyism
• an expression applied
to the search for
Communists in various
institutions during the
1950s;
• the term specifically
refers to incidents in
which this search was
characterized by
overzealousness.
World History Course Vocabulary
Suburbanization
• the movement of
people from cities to
areas adjacent to
urban areas and
connected to them by
some form of
commuter
transportation
networks.
GI Bill
• legislation enacted by
Congress after World
War II giving certain
educational,
vocational training,
housing, health, and
insurance benefits to
veterans.
World History Course Vocabulary
Political, economic alliances
• terms referring to the
creation of political and
economic agreements
and compacts in the
20th century, including
NATO, NAFTA, and the
European Union.
Sputnik
• First successful artificial
space satellite, launched
by USSR in 1957.
Moon landing
• July 20th, 1969 – the US
puts two men on the
moon.
Atom bomb
test, 1951.
Anybody got
a light?
Cold War: USA vs. USSR
1945-1991
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Video Streaming Clips
ColdWar_overview_5MIN
ColdWar_Nuclear_Arms_Race_10min
ColdWar_PolicyOfContainment_5MIN
ColdWar_TVandColdWarFears_5min
ColdWar_BabyBoomChangingAmericaAutomobilesSuburbiaCivil
Rights _5MIN
Cold War: USA vs. USSR
1945-1991
Video Streaming Clips
• ColdWar_BabyboomOneFamilyStory_3MIN
• ColdWar_BabyBoomYearsUpwardMobilityvsMigrantPoor_6MIN
Cold War: USA vs. USSR
1945-1991
Video Streaming Clips
• ColdWar_KoreanWarStartOfTheWar_7MIN
• ColdWar_KoreanWarMacArthurDismissedandArmistice_6MIN
Hey You! Time for Review!
Spanish-American War
• The war lasted only four
months!
• 1898
• The U.S. took Cuba, Guam,
Puerto Rico, and the
Philippines.
• Teddy Roosevelt grabbed
glory leading the “Rough
Riders”.
World War I
• Mustard gas, poison gas
• Trench warfare
• Fighter planes (“dogfights”)
• U-boats
• 1914-1918
• The U.S. joins in 1917.
• Russia drops out in 1917.
• Treaty of Versailles ends it
(badly).
Hey You! Time for Review!
Mexican-American War
• 1846-48
• Treaty of GuadalupeHidalgo ends it.
• The U.S. wins the
southwest.
Reformation
• Martin Luther posts The 95
Theses, criticizing corrupt
Catholic Church practices.
• Protestant churches sprout
up throughout Europe.
• Catholics and Protestants
fight over which version of
Christianity will dominate.
Korean War
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Objective
11.4 Student will describe the
causes, course, and character of
the Korean War, including the
United Nations security council,
the Pusan Perimeter,
General Macarthur,
Inchon,
the Yalu River,
and the 38th Parallel.
1950-1953
The Korean War began on 25 June 1950 and
an armistice was signed on 27 July 1953.
South Korean flag
North Korean flag
Korean
th
War – 38
parallel
With her brother on her back a war weary Korean girl
tiredly trudges by a stalled M-26 tank
B-29 Superfortress
Husky 1,000-pound
demolition bombs
hurtle from this U.S.
Far East Air Forces B29 "Superfortress" of
the 19th Bomb Group
toward a Red target
somewhere beneath
the cloud layers in
Korea.
Mobile Army Surgical Hospital
Mobile Army Surgical Hospital
The Battle of Pusan
Perimeter was fought in
August and September 1950.
Pusan
Perimeter
Pusan Perimeter
• The Battle of Pusan Perimeter was fought in
August and September 1950 between United
Nations Command forces combined with South
Korean forces against the forces of North Korea.
• The Pusan Perimeter was the area in extreme
southeast Korea which was defined by the
farthest advance of the North Korean troops
during the Korean War.
• It extended along 140 miles (230 km) and was
named after the coastal city of Pusan.
General Macarthur
Photograph taken at the first
meeting between Emperor
Hirohito and General Douglas
MacArthur on September 27,
1945.
General
Macarthur
observing
the attack on
Inchon 1950
Observing the shelling of Inchon from the
U.S.S. Mt. McKinley, September 15, 1950.
Inchon amphibious invasion
amphibious invasion
• Major battle of the Korean
War
• General Douglas Macarthur
led UN forces which
resulted in a decisive victory
and strategic reversal in
favor of the United Nations.
Inchon
• The battle began on
September 15, 1950, and
ended around September 17.
• Through a surprise
amphibious assault far from
the Pusan Perimeter that UN
and South Korean forces were
desperately defending, the
largely undefended city of
Inchon was secured after
being bombed by UN forces.
• The battle ended a string of
victories by the invading North
Korean People's Army (NKPA).
Inchon
• The subsequent UN recapture
of nearby Seoul partially
severed NKPA's supply lines in
South Korea.
• The majority of United Nations
ground forces involved were
U.S. Marines, commanded by
General of the Army Douglas
MacArthur.
• MacArthur was the driving
force behind the operation,
overcoming the strong
misgivings of more cautious
generals to a risky assault over
extremely unfavorable terrain.
Yalu River
• The Yalu River
separates North
Korea and the
People’s
Republic of
China
38th Parallel
Hey You! Here’s more review!
Pusan Perimeter
• the area in extreme
southeast Korea which was
defined by the farthest
advance of the North
Korean troops during the
Korean War.
Inchon
• General Douglas Macarthur
led UN forces which
resulted in a decisive victory
and strategic reversal in
favor of the United Nations.
• North Korean forces were
driven back across the 38th
parallel after this surprising
counter-offensive.
Hey You! Here’s more Korea review!
People’s Republic of China
• This country is north of
North Korea
Seoul (“Soul”)
• Pyongyang is the capital of
North Korea.
• What is the capital of South
Korea?
Cold War: USA vs. USSR
1945-1991
Video Streaming Clips
• ColdWar_KoreanWarStartOfTheWar_7MIN
• ColdWar_KoreanWarMacArthurDismissedandArmistice_6MIN
The Vietnam War
1964-73(75)
Objective
• 11.6 Student will describe the
causes, course, character, and
effects of communism; The
Vietnam War, including the
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution;
• the Tet Offensive;
• Ho Chi Minh;
• Dien Bien Phu,
• Ngo Dinh Diem;
• and the Paris Peace Accord.
The Vietnam War
1964-73(75)
Video Streaming Clips
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ColdWar_VietnamWar_6min
ColdWar_VietnamWar_SaigonFallsAndVietnamIsReunited_2MIN
ColdWar_Vietnam_HoChiMinhDeath_1MIN
ColdWar_Vietnam_TheSiegeofDienBienPhuAFrenchMilitaryDisaster_
4MIN
• ColdWar_Vietnam_LessonsOfALostWar_30MIN
Dien Bien Phu_Malcolm X Track 9_4MIN
Vietnam & Gulf of Tonkin
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 1964
• The Tonkin Gulf Resolution is of
historical significance because it
• gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson
authorization,
• without a formal declaration of war by
Congress,
• for the use of conventional military force
in Southeast Asia (Vietnam).
Ho Chi Minh
• Ho Chi Minh
• was a Vietnamese
Communist revolutionary
and statesman
• prime minister (1946–
1955)
• president (1945–1969) of
the Democratic Republic
of Vietnam (North
Vietnam).
Ho Chi Minh
• led the Viet Minh independence
movement from 1941 onward,
establishing the communist-governed
Democratic Republic of Vietnam in
1945 and defeating the French Union
in 1954 at Dien Bien Phu.
• He lost political power inside North
Vietnam in the late 1950s, but
remained as the highly visible
figurehead president until his death.
• The former capital of South Vietnam,
Saigon, after the Fall of Saigon, was
renamed Hồ Chí Minh City in his
honor.
The Battle of
Dien Bien Phu - 1954
• The battle occurred between March and May 1954
and culminated in a comprehensive French defeat
that influenced negotiations over the future of
Indochina at Geneva.
• Military historian Martin Windrow wrote that Điện
Biên Phủ was "the first time that a non-European
colonial independence movement had evolved
through all the stages from guerrilla bands to a
conventionally organized and equipped army able
to defeat a modern Western occupier in pitched
battle”.
Ngo Dinh Diem
Ngo Dinh Diem was
the first President of
South Vietnam.
The arrest and assassination of Ngô Đình Diệm, then
president of South Vietnam, marked the culmination of a
successful CIA-backed coup d’état led by General Minh in
November 1963.
Tet Offensive - 1968
• The Tet Offensive
was a military
campaign during
the Vietnam War
that began on
January 31, 1968.
Tet Offensive - 1968
• The initial attacks stunned the US and South
Vietnamese armies and took them by surprise, but
most were quickly contained and beaten back, inflicting
massive casualties on communist forces.
• the offensive was countrywide in scope and well
coordinated, with more than 80,000 communist troops
striking more than 100 towns and cities, including 36 of
44 provincial capitals, five of the six autonomous cities,
72 of 245 district towns, and the southern capital.
• The offensive was the largest military operation yet
conducted by either side up to that point in the war.
Tet Offensive - 1968
• Although the offensive was a military defeat
for the communists, it had a profound effect
on the US government and shocked the
American public, which had been led to
believe by its political and military leaders that
the communists were, due to previous
defeats, incapable of launching such a massive
effort.
Paris Peace Accord
• The Paris Peace Accords of 1973, intended to
establish peace in Vietnam and an end to the
Vietnam Conflict, ended direct U.S. military
involvement and temporarily stopped the
fighting between north and south.
• Two years later, the North would overrun the
south and reunite Vietnam under one
communist government.
Cold War – Japan & China
• 11.3 Student will describe the causes and
effects of the Cold War on Japan and China.
Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962
• “In the face of an air attack (on Cuba) and in the
face of the probability of a ground attack, it was
certainly possible, and I would say probable, that a
Cuban sergeant or Soviet officer in a missile silo,
without authority from Moscow, would have
launched one or more of those intermediate-range
missiles, equipped with a nuclear warhead, against
one or more of the cities on the East Coast of the
United States.”
Robert McNamara – U.S. Secretary of Defense 1961-68
Cold War – Cuba & the
Americas
• 11.5 Student will describe the causes and effects
of the Cold War on the Americas, including Cuba
and the United States.
Cuban communist
revolution - 1959
• Fidel Castro overthrows the dictator Batista
and begins a communist government in Cuba.
Cuba – Bay of Pigs
invasion - 1961
Cuba – Batista, dictator
Senator John F. Kennedy, in the midst of his
campaign for the U.S. Presidency, described Batista's
relationship with the U.S. government and criticized
the Eisenhower Administration for supporting him, on
October 6, 1960:
Batista murdered 20,000 Cubans in seven years ...
and he turned Democratic Cuba into a complete
police state - destroying every individual liberty. Yet
our aid to his regime, and the ineptness of our
policies, enabled Batista to invoke the name of the
United States in support of his reign of terror.
Cuba – Batista, dictator
Senator John F. Kennedy, in the midst of his campaign for the
U.S. Presidency, described Batista's relationship with the U.S.
government and criticized the Eisenhower Administration for
supporting him, on October 6, 1960:
Continued:
Administration spokesmen publicly praised Batista hailed him as a staunch ally and a good friend - at a
time when Batista was murdering thousands,
destroying the last vestiges of freedom, and stealing
hundreds of millions of dollars from the Cuban people,
and we failed to press for free elections.
Cuba – Bay of Pigs
invasion - 1961
• The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an unsuccessful
attempt by a CIA -trained force of Cuban exiles
to invade southern Cuba, with support from
US government armed forces, to overthrow
the Cuban government of Fidel Castro.
• The plan was launched in April 1961, less than
three months after John F. Kennedy assumed
the presidency in the United States.
Cuba – Bay of Pigs
invasion - 1961
• The Cuban armed forces, trained and
equipped by Eastern Bloc nations, defeated
the exile combatants in three days.
• The invasion is named after the Bay of Pigs,
which is just one possible translation of the
Spanish Bahía de Cochinos. The main invasion
landing specifically took place at a beach
named Playa Girón, located at the mouth of
the bay.
Cuba – Cuban Missile
Crisis - 1962
• The Cuban Missile Crisis was a major
confrontation between the United States, the
Soviet Union, and Cuba in October 1962,
during the Cold War.
• In September 1962, the Cuban and Soviet
governments placed nuclear missiles in Cuba.
Cuba – Cuban Missile
Crisis - 1962
• When United States military intelligence
discovered the weapons, the U.S. government
did all it could to ensure the removal of the
missiles.
• The crisis ranks with the Berlin Blockade as
one of the major confrontations of the Cold
War, and is generally regarded, as the moment
in which the Cold War came closest to a
nuclear war.
U-2 reconnaissance photograph of
Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba
• Shown are the transports and tents for fueling
and maintenance.
Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962
CIA report showing reach of Soviet missiles
Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962
Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962
Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962
Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962
Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962
• “In the face of an air attack (on Cuba) and in the
face of the probability of a ground attack, it was
certainly possible, and I would say probable, that
a Cuban sergeant or Soviet officer in a missile silo,
without authority from Moscow, would have
launched one or more of those intermediaterange missiles, equipped with a nuclear warhead,
against one or more of the cities on the East
Coast of the United States.”
• Robert McNamara -
Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962
U.S. navy vessel intercepting Soviet ship
Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962
Khrushchev & Kennedy
Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962
Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962
Cuba Review!
Fidel Castro
• He overthrew Batista in
1959.
Bay of Pigs
• The United States tried to
overthrow Castro in 1961
with a covert mission that
failed miserably.
• The mission was named
after the bay where the
amphibious assault was
launched.
Cuba Review!
Cuban Missile Crisis
• This 1962 Cold War moment
was the closest the U.S. and
U.S.S.R. came to war (and
possibly nuclear war).
John F. Kennedy
• He was President of the U.S.
during the Cuban Missile
Crisis.
Cuba – video streaming clips
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ColdWar_CubanMissileCrisis_CubanBlockade_3min
ColdWar_Cuba_CubanMissileCrisis_7MIN
ColdWar_Cuba_CubanMissileCrisis_4MIN
ColdWar_Cuba_CubanMissileCrisis_DiscoveringMiss
iles_5MIN
Review Questions:
• All of the following are events that represent
Cold War tensions EXCEPT?
– A. Occupation of Japan
– B. Korean War
– C. Berlin Blockade and Airlift
– D. Cuban Missile Crisis