Transcript CHAPTER 15: The Renaissance and Reformation

HOLT
World History
CHAPTER 15
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Renaissance and Reformation
Section 1: The Italian Renaissance
Section 2: The Northern Renaissance
Section 3: The Protestant Reformation
Section 4: The Catholic Reformation
Section 5: Culture and Daily Life
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Italian Renaissance
Objectives:
 Identify the factors that led to the Italian
Renaissance and describe the characteristics of
Renaissance thought.
 Explain how Renaissance writers combined
classical teachings and Christian doctrine.
 Describe how Renaissance art differed from art of
the Middle Ages.
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Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Italian Renaissance
An Era of Awakening
 Causes – ruins of Roman Empire, Byzantines had
preserved Greek and Roman learning, trade with
Asia and Africa
 The humanities – crucial approach to learning,
studied classics, admired human achievement
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World History
Section 1:
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The Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance Writers
 Petrarch – studied classical writers, believed it is
important to lead a full and active life here on
earth
 Machiavelli – lack of concern for conventional
morality
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World History
Section 1:
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The Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance Artists
 Realistic scenes and images instead of religious
concerns
 Leonardo da Vinci – The Last Supper and Mona
Lisa
 Michelangelo – Sistine Chapel ceiling
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Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Northern Renaissance
Objectives:
 Explain how the ideas of the Italian Renaissance
spread to other parts of Europe.
 Describe how northern Renaissance writers
differed from Italian humanists.
 List the principal characteristics of northern
Renaissance art.
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Section 2:
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The Northern Renaissance
The Spread of Ideas
 Johannes Gutenberg – used movable type to print
books, copies of Bible
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Section 2:
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The Northern Renaissance
Northern Renaissance Writers
 Desiderius Erasmus – studied early Christian as
well as classical culture
 Thomas More – Utopia
 William Shakespeare – transformed well-known
stories into dramatic masterpieces
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World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Northern Renaissance
Northern Renaissance Artists
 Great attention to detail, facial expressions
 Realistic human figures and subject matter
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World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Protestant Reformation
Objectives:
 Discuss the developments that led to the Reformation.
 Describe how Martin Luther protested against the
Roman Catholic Church and began a new church.
 Identify the factors that caused the spread of
Protestantism.
 Explain the role that Calvinism played in the
Reformation.
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World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Protestant Reformation
An Era of Reform
 Causes – humanists urged believers who were
unhappy with traditional religion to withdraw
from the church and meet with like-minded people
 The beginning – popes sold indulgences to raise
money
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World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
 Luther’s protest – publicly challenged the selling
of indulgences in 95 theses
 Break with the church – Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther, Diet of Worms
 Protestantism – the princes supporting Luther
protested the emperor’s treatment of him
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World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Protestant Reformation
The Spread of Protestantism
 The rise of sects – societies of a few people led by
a preacher
 The Anglican Church – Henry VIII’s desire for a
divorce caused him to create the Church of
England which did grant the divorce
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World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Protestant Reformation
Calvinism
 Calvin’s church – The Institutes of the Christian
Religion emphasized predestination, righteous
living
 Calvinism spreads – Huguenots in France,
minorities in Poland, Hungary, Scotland,
Netherlands, England, North American colonies
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World History
Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Catholic Reformation
Objectives:
 Describe how the Catholic Church responded to
the Reformation.
 Discuss the results of the Reformation and the
Counter-Reformation.
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The Catholic Reformation
The Counter-Reformation
 Counter-Reformation tactics – inquisition, Index
of Forbidden Books
 The Council of Trent – clarified doctrines,
emphasized ceremonies
 Soldiers of the Counter-Reformation – Jesuits
founded by Ignatius de Loyola
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Section 4:
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The Catholic Reformation
Results of the Religious Upheaval
 Diversity of churches appeared
 Education grew
 National governments gained more power
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Section 5:
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Culture and Daily Life
Objectives:
 Explain why Europeans believed in superstitions.
 Describe the characteristics of daily life that were
typical in Europe during the Reformation.
 Explain how knowledge spread to European
villages.
 Identify the factors that caused changes in the
daily lives of Europeans.
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Section 5:
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Culture and Daily Life
Superstitions
 The world of spirits – believed God was a distant,
unknowable force; people looked for explanations
of and control over daily life
 Belief in witchcraft – wise people who gave
explanations were witches
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World History
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Culture and Daily Life
Daily Life
 Forms of recreation – people came together to
drink, sew, do simple chores, or tell stories
 Violence and protest in the village – close-knit
communities; quarrels were common
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Culture and Daily Life
The Spread of Knowledge
 Books for the masses – broadsides, almanacs
 Religious ideas and education – printed books
became available, primary schools were founded
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Culture and Daily Life
Changes in Daily Life
 The economy – standard of living rose for some
 Diet – new spices and vegetables
 Housing – people moved from country to cities;
had only necessities
 Decline of traditional culture – rational thinking
more widespread
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