Transcript Foundations - Lesson # 1

Foundations of
Civilization
Lesson # 1
12:00
Foundations of Civilization
Objective and Bell Ringer
◦ Bell Ringer: What are the factors of migration?
• Objective: Analyze the causes that led to nomadic
people becoming settled people
• Homework:
• World History Class: Read Chapter 1 in Human Legacy
textbook (use Human Legacy link). Complete guided
notes as you read.
• Honors World History: Read Chapter 1 in Human
Legacy textbook (use Human Legacy link) and
complete Cornell Notes as you read.
Which of the following was characteristic of the physical
environments of early river-valley civilizations in the Near
East?
(A) Cool summer temperatures encouraged the production of
grain crops.
(B) Tropical forests along the riverbanks provided the
population with most of its food.
(C) The rivers maintained a steady flow year-round, fed by
melting mountain glaciers.
(D) The rivers flowed through deep mountain valleys, which
sheltered early civilizations.
(E) Rainfall was low, requiring irrigation of crops with river
water.
SAT Prep Question
Which of the following was characteristic of the physical
environments of early river-valley civilizations in the Near
East?
(A) Cool summer temperatures encouraged the production of
grain crops.
(B) Tropical forests along the riverbanks provided the
population with most of its food.
(C) The rivers maintained a steady flow year-round, fed by
melting mountain glaciers.
(D) The rivers flowed through deep mountain valleys, which
sheltered early civilizations.
(E) Rainfall was low, requiring irrigation of crops with
river
water.
SAT Prep Question
Housekeeping

Tutorial is offered every Tuesday from
2:30-3:30pm.
◦ If you come for 5 minutes, you are staying for
the entire hour
◦ Good idea if you are struggling to keep up, stay
organized, or just need a quiet place to do
homework
Opening Activity

What do you need to achieve “self
actualization” – or a happy state of being?
Write 5 things in a list. Place them in order
of importance. Leave space in between
each element.
Opening Activity

Your list should be in order by
◦ At the bottom, put the most basic things a
person needs to survive
◦ At the top, put the things that will lead a
person to be the happiest, self-actualized
person
◦ Fill in the 3 spaces between in the order you
think they are achieved
Let’s see how you did…
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Agriculture Changes Society
Turn to p. 24 in your textbook
 In your notebook

◦ Identify three characteristics of the geography
of this region.
◦ Where are the four river valley civilizations
located?
◦ Why did early civilizations develop in the area
known as the Fertile Crescent?
What about a civilization?
Think about a civilization
 In your notebook

◦ List three things a civilization needs to exist.
◦ Think about it in terms of most basic needs to
what our civilization has that makes us
operate!
What about a civilization?
Culture
Infrastructure,
government
Geographical
features, resources,
people
Fertile Crescent
Complete the graphic organizer
below as we go through notes…
Agriculture
• Describe what
it is and how it
began
Changes to
Society
• Identify 5 ways
that agriculture
changed
society
Civilization
• List 3 early
civilizations
• What 3
characteristics
did early
civilizations
possess?
Agriculture
Originally, people were nomadic
 When the last Ice Age ended…

◦ New plants appeared
◦ People learned how to farm
 Irrigation

Animals became domesticated
◦ Used for meat, milk, wool
◦ The early things needed to reach selfactualization
Changes to society
Nomads
began to
settle
Trade
emerges
Social
classes
emerge
Religion
became
formal
Competiti
on for
resources
• Could now farm and work together
• Between people farming, making clothes, and
doing labor for other tasks
• Men did more physical labor than women and
therefore had more power
• People worshipped animals and the elements
• Leads to conflict and war
Changes to Society
Cities develop
 Farmers with excess food sell for a profit
 If all the people can be fed (no more
starvation), population grows

Civilizations
Tigris-Euphrates Rivers in Southwest Asia
 Nile River in Africa
 Indus River in South Asia
 Yellow River

Putting it all together…

From nomads to farmers
◦ Innovations and inventions
Civilizations

Cities
◦ Had politics, economics and culture to distinguish
between themselves

Organized governments
◦ Formed in response to needs
◦ Establish systems of justice

Formalized religion
◦ Wanted to gain favor of the gods

Cultural advancements
◦ Math
◦ Alphabet and writing
Guided Notes
Use your guided notes entitled “Early Man”
to take notes on the next slides.
Early Man
Prehistory
The period before writing was developed
Archaeology
the study of past societies through an analysis of
what people left behind
Anthropology
the study of human life and culture
Fossil
a remnant or impression of an organism from a
past geologic age that has been preserved in the
Earth’s crust
Artifact
items left behind by early people Examples would
be tools, pottery, paintings, weapons
Primary Source
A firsthand or eyewitness account of an event
Secondary Source
A secondhand account about an event that is
based on what someone else has
experienced
HOMINIDS
Humans and other humanlike creatures that walk
upright
Hominids
Humans and other humanlike creatures that
walk upright
Australopithecines
•
•
•
•
Appeared about 4-5 million years ago
Found in Africa
Stood upright and walked on two legs
Brain was one-third the size of humans today
Homo habilis
•
•
•
•
Appeared about 2.4 million years ago
Found in Africa
Learned to make and use crude stone tools
Brain was half the size of humans today
Homo erectus
• Appeared about 2-1.5 million years ago
• Started out in Africa, then spread to Europe and
Asia – first hominid to leave Africa
• Learned to control fire
Neanderthals
•
•
•
•
Appeared 200,000 – 30,000 years ago
Found in Europe and Southwest Asia
First early people to bury their dead
Died out, possibly due to a conflict with the
Homo sapiens sapiens
Cro-Magnons
• Appeared about 40,000 years ago
• Made finely crafted tools and cave art
Homo sapiens sapiens
• Appeared 200,000 – 150,000 years ago
• First anatomically modern humans
• Started to spread outside of Africa about
100,000 years ago
• All humans today belong to this subspecies
• Name means “wise, wise human being”
Spread of the Hominids
• Started out in Africa and migrated around
the world
• Moved from Africa to the Middle East
(Southwest Asia), then to Asia and Australia,
next up was Europe and northern Asia
(colder)
– This was aided by the use of fire
• Finally people arrived in the Americas,
probably by crossing a land bridge in the
Bering Strait
• By 9000 BC humans had spread to six
continents
THE STONE AGE
Paleolithic Age, the Neolithic Age,
and the Neolithic Revolution
Paleolithic Age
• Known as the Old Stone Age, lasted from 2.5
million – 10,000 BC
– Named because people used simple stone
tools
• People were hunter-gatherers who hunted,
fished, and gathered wild plants for food
• People also lived as nomads, moving around
from place to place to follow animal migrations
and vegetation cycles
• Lived in small bands and relied on resources around
them to survive
• Both men and women were responsible for obtaining
food, which made them equal
• Used fire to adapt to the environment
• An important development was the use of technology
• Technology = the application of knowledge, tools, and
materials to make life easier
Neolithic Revolution
• A shift from hunting and gathering to farming
and the domestication of animals
– This was one of the most important
developments in human history and changed
how people lived
• People experimented with planting seeds and
learned to farm gradually over a long period of
time
• Happened around 10,000 years ago when people
experimented with planting seeds and learned to farm
gradually over a long period of time
• With the development of farming, people began to
practice domestication
• Domestication = adaptation for human use, such as
animals and plants
• The world population grew significantly
• The growing of crops meant that people had greater
control over their environment and could now settle in
one place and formed permanent settlements
FOUR RIVER VALLEYS
• Nile River = Egypt
• Tigris and Euphrates Rivers = Mesopotamia
– Also known as the Fertile Crescent
• Indus River = India
• Huang-He River = China
CHARACTERISTICS OF
CIVILIZATION
• Rise of Developed Cities
– Cities served as: political and economic centers for
surrounding areas
– Major cities emerged in: river valleys
• Organized Government
– Different types of government = theocracy and
monarchy
• Theocracy = a gov’t ruled by religious leaders who
claim God’s authority
• Monarchy = gov’t by a king or queen

Horrible Histories
Stone Age
Paleolithic and Neolithic
Revolutions
Exit Ticket

Write a 5 sentence paragraph describing
how agriculture has led to religion. Use
the graphic organizer and notes from
class to help.