Transcript France in the Age of Absolutism

HOLT
World History
CHAPTER 19
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Monarchs of Europe
Section 1: France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2: Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 3: Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Section 4: The English Monarchy
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HOLT
World History
Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
France in the Age of Absolutism
Objectives:
 Explain how Henry VI and Cardinal Richelieu
strengthened France.
 Analyze Louis XIV’s strategy for strengthening
the central government.
 Identify Louis XIV’s reasons for waging war and
the results.
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HOLT
World History
Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
France in the Age of Absolutism
Strengthening the Monarchy
 Cardinal Richelieu – worked to reduce strength
of nobles and to reform the economy
 The Thirty Years’ War – Protestant rebellion
against Holy Roman Empire; ended with Treaty
of Westphalia in 1648
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World History
Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
France in the Age of Absolutism
The Sun King
 Versailles – expense of palace strained the
French economy
 Domestic and economic policies – absolute
power for king, increased French industry at
home and trade abroad, reformed tax system,
leading naval power
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HOLT
World History
Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
France in the Age of Absolutism
The Wars of Louis XIV
 Fighting for new territory – natural borders, other nations
fought for a balance of power
 War of the Spanish Succession – Treaty of Utrecht
provided that French and Spanish monarchies could never
be united
 Louis XIV’s legacy – France became a leading European
power, but caused destruction, loss of life and resources,
and loss of territory
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World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Objectives:
 Identify ways Russia was isolated from
western Europe.
 Analyze how Peter the Great used his power
to change Russia.
 Examine how Catherine the Great expanded
Russia’s territory.
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HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Isolation and a New Dynasty
 Asian influence
 Religious differences
 Geographically separated from Europe
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World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Peter the Great
 Peter’s foreign mission – his attempt to form
alliances against Ottoman Turks failed, but he
learned many Western ways
 Westernizing Russia – improved training and
weaponry, Western architecture, modernization
in society
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HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Catherine the Great
 Catherine’s policies – domestic policies were
meaningless or harmful to most Russians, but
foreign policies won new territory and extended
the Russian empire
 Poland – Russia split Poland with Prussia and
Austria
 Expansion eastward – Siberia and Alaska
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World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Objectives:
 Explain how the Habsburgs gained and held power.
 Explain how the Hohenzollerns rose to power.
 Identify the factors that contributed to conflicts
between Prussia and Austria.
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World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Habsburg Austria
 Maria Theresa – Pragmatic Sanction allowed her
to inherit all Habsburg lands
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World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
The Rise of the Hohenzollerns
 Frederick William I – sought to make Prussia a
great power, efficient system of government
 Frederick the Great – highly intelligent, expanded
territory and prestige
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World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Conflict Between Prussia and Austria
 The Diplomatic Revolution – reversal of alliances resulted
in France and Austria opposing Prussia and Great Britain
 The Seven Years’ War – began in North America as the
French and Indian War
 The years of peace – European powers reluctant to fight
again, so rebuilt and strengthened kingdoms at home
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Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The English Monarchy
Objectives:
 Describe the rule of Mary Tudor of England.
 Describe the rule of Elizabeth I.
 Explain the problems James I faced in ruling
England.
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Section 4:
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The English Monarchy
The House of Tudor
 Mary I married Philip II of Spain
 Persecuted Protestant clergy
 Failed because persecutions were too extreme
 “Bloody Mary”
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Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The English Monarchy
The Reign of Elizabeth I
 Elizabeth and Mary Queen of Scots – Mary plotted to
kill Elizabeth; Elizabeth had Mary beheaded
 The Spanish Armada – English ships defeated
“Invincible Armada”
 Religious problems – Puritans wanted to rid church of
all Catholic practices; Tudors persecuted non-Anglicans
 Relations with Parliament – Parliament challenged royal
power, but Elizabeth managed them skillfully
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World History
Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The English Monarchy
James I
 Son of Mary Queen of Scots, ruled England and Scotland
 Strong supporter of Anglican Church, which caused
conflicts with Puritans
 King James Version of Bible
 Lacked economic, diplomatic skill
 Did not fully understand English parliamentary system
 Believed in divine right of kings
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