Transcript Aristotle
In Class this Week
World History
Monday- No School- Labor Day
Tuesday- Review Formative, Enlightenment
Philosopher Mini-Lesson
Wednesday- Test Review Game
Thursday- Foundations of Democracy Unit Test
Friday- Return Tests, Debrief and Evaluate
Foundations of Democracy Unit
Homework
World History
Notes on Historical Figures- Handout 1.2F (due
Thursday at time of Test)
Study for Test (Thursday 9-6)
All Late, missing, incomplete work due on Thursday
at the time of the test.
Check Aeries- Assignments are posted
In Class this Week
US History
Monday- No class- Labor Day
Tuesday- Go over quiz; Bill of Rights Ranking Activity
and Project Introduction
Wed. and Thursday- Work on your Bill of Rights
Project (Due Thursday)
Friday- Unit One Test- Declaration of Independence,
Constitution and Bill of Rights
Quickwrite
Which philosopher do you agree with the most?
Explain. Be sure to explain what this philosopher
believed and contrast his/her beliefs with at least
one other philosopher.
Plato
Background
Born in Greece in 428 B.C.
Close friend and student of
Socrates (philosopher)
Studied philosophy, math,
and government
Plato
Beliefs
Ideal Government
Individuals have strengths
that can benefit society.
Democracy is “mob rule”
by ignorant people.
Role determined by talentmeritocracy
Monarchy (autocracy) is
also dangerous because
erodes to tyranny.
Education essential to
good citizenship because
educated seek wisdom and
justice rather than wealth
and power.
Ideally, power and wisdom
must be united in same
person (recommend
philosopher-kings)
General Facts
384-322 B.C.E.
Born in Stagira, a small town on
the northeast coast of Thrace
Father was physician to king of
Macedonia
Traveled widely after Plato’s
death & ended up in Macedonia
where he served as Alexander
the Great’s tutor
Returned to Athens in 335 to
found his own academy, Lyceum
Aristotle
Beliefs
People are not born good
but learn to be good
through education and
membership in society.
Philosophers should be
independent spiritsbeyond trivia of politics.
Everyone educated and
participate for the good of
society.
Ideal Form of
Government
Monarchy would be great if
the monarch could be
trusted (but they can’t)
Democracy is least
dangerous, but most people
spend their time working.
The best form of
government would be an
aristocracy, made up of
educated members of the
middle class.
Jean Jacque Rousseau
Background
Born in Geneva Switz. In
1712
Unstable Childhood
Beliefs
People are born in a state
of nature (good,
independent).
In nature people live
happily.
Society leads to
competition and
corruption.
Jean Jacque Rousseau
Politics
Believes in direct
democracy, people directly
involved in government
(Like Geneva, Switz.)
Anything but Direct
Democracy leads to
corruption.
Officers/administrators of
gov. could administer will
of people.
Baron de Montesquieu
Background
Born Charles Louis de
Secondat in Bordeaux
France in 1689.
Although wealthy, he was
placed in the care of a poor
family.
Later lived with uncle and
assumed his title- Baron de
Montesquieu
Baron de Montesquieu
Beliefs
Religious conflict
threatened stability.
NOT Atheism but religious
tolerance.
Politics/Government
He believed a monarchy
with shared powers was
the best form of
government.
There should be a balance
of power between
different branches of gov.
Too much power in one
person or branch leads to
corruption and abuse.
Mary Wollstonecraft
1759-1797
Believed women and men
deserved the same rights
and the same
opportunities.
The ideal from of
government would be a
form of democracy in
which branches shared
power.
Elizabeth I
1533-1603
Believed that her subjects
were her “children.”
People had place in society.
The ideal form of
government was a
monarchy; she shared
power with parliament
(sometimes reluctantly).
Thomas Hobbes
1588-1679
Enlightened philosopher.
Social Contract TheoryBecause people are selfish,
they must give up some
freedom in order to live
safely and thrive.
Ideal from of government
is a monarchy that serves
the public interest.
John Locke
1632-1704
Human beings are able to
reason.
Social Contract TheoryGovernment is relationship
between people and
government.
Best form of government is a
representative democracy with
shared powers (branches).
People have right to “life, liberty
and property” and may revolt in
certain situations.
Louis XIV
1638-1715
The Sun King
Believed in the Divine Right
of Kings.
The best form of
government is a powerful
monarchy.