Transcript Aristotle

In Class this Week
World History
 Monday- No School- Labor Day
 Tuesday- Review Formative, Enlightenment
Philosopher Mini-Lesson
 Wednesday- Test Review Game
 Thursday- Foundations of Democracy Unit Test
 Friday- Return Tests, Debrief and Evaluate
Foundations of Democracy Unit
Homework
World History
 Notes on Historical Figures- Handout 1.2F (due
Thursday at time of Test)
 Study for Test (Thursday 9-6)
 All Late, missing, incomplete work due on Thursday
at the time of the test.
 Check Aeries- Assignments are posted
In Class this Week
US History
 Monday- No class- Labor Day
 Tuesday- Go over quiz; Bill of Rights Ranking Activity
and Project Introduction
 Wed. and Thursday- Work on your Bill of Rights
Project (Due Thursday)
 Friday- Unit One Test- Declaration of Independence,
Constitution and Bill of Rights
Quickwrite
 Which philosopher do you agree with the most?
Explain. Be sure to explain what this philosopher
believed and contrast his/her beliefs with at least
one other philosopher.
Plato
Background
 Born in Greece in 428 B.C.
 Close friend and student of
Socrates (philosopher)
 Studied philosophy, math,
and government
Plato
Beliefs
Ideal Government
 Individuals have strengths
that can benefit society.
 Democracy is “mob rule”
by ignorant people.
 Role determined by talentmeritocracy
 Monarchy (autocracy) is
also dangerous because
erodes to tyranny.
 Education essential to
good citizenship because
educated seek wisdom and
justice rather than wealth
and power.
 Ideally, power and wisdom
must be united in same
person (recommend
philosopher-kings)
General Facts
 384-322 B.C.E.
 Born in Stagira, a small town on
the northeast coast of Thrace
 Father was physician to king of
Macedonia
 Traveled widely after Plato’s
death & ended up in Macedonia
where he served as Alexander
the Great’s tutor
 Returned to Athens in 335 to
found his own academy, Lyceum
Aristotle
Beliefs
 People are not born good
but learn to be good
through education and
membership in society.
 Philosophers should be
independent spiritsbeyond trivia of politics.
 Everyone educated and
participate for the good of
society.
Ideal Form of
Government
 Monarchy would be great if
the monarch could be
trusted (but they can’t)
 Democracy is least
dangerous, but most people
spend their time working.
 The best form of
government would be an
aristocracy, made up of
educated members of the
middle class.
Jean Jacque Rousseau
Background
 Born in Geneva Switz. In
1712
 Unstable Childhood
Beliefs
 People are born in a state
of nature (good,
independent).
 In nature people live
happily.
 Society leads to
competition and
corruption.
Jean Jacque Rousseau
Politics
 Believes in direct
democracy, people directly
involved in government
(Like Geneva, Switz.)
 Anything but Direct
Democracy leads to
corruption.
 Officers/administrators of
gov. could administer will
of people.
Baron de Montesquieu
Background
 Born Charles Louis de
Secondat in Bordeaux
France in 1689.
 Although wealthy, he was
placed in the care of a poor
family.
 Later lived with uncle and
assumed his title- Baron de
Montesquieu
Baron de Montesquieu
Beliefs
 Religious conflict
threatened stability.
 NOT Atheism but religious
tolerance.
Politics/Government
 He believed a monarchy
with shared powers was
the best form of
government.
 There should be a balance
of power between
different branches of gov.
 Too much power in one
person or branch leads to
corruption and abuse.
Mary Wollstonecraft
1759-1797
 Believed women and men
deserved the same rights
and the same
opportunities.
 The ideal from of
government would be a
form of democracy in
which branches shared
power.
Elizabeth I
1533-1603
 Believed that her subjects
were her “children.”
 People had place in society.
 The ideal form of
government was a
monarchy; she shared
power with parliament
(sometimes reluctantly).
Thomas Hobbes
1588-1679
 Enlightened philosopher.
 Social Contract TheoryBecause people are selfish,
they must give up some
freedom in order to live
safely and thrive.
 Ideal from of government
is a monarchy that serves
the public interest.
John Locke
1632-1704
 Human beings are able to
reason.
 Social Contract TheoryGovernment is relationship
between people and
government.
 Best form of government is a
representative democracy with
shared powers (branches).
 People have right to “life, liberty
and property” and may revolt in
certain situations.
Louis XIV
1638-1715
 The Sun King
 Believed in the Divine Right
of Kings.
 The best form of
government is a powerful
monarchy.