Transcript Mango gall midge

Identification, Symptoms and nature of
damage: Shoot Gall Psyllid and Leaf gall
midges
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What are Galls?
Galls are abnormal growths of plant cells formed in
response to egg-laying by adult insects or feeding by
immatures.
Eggs are usually laid in actively growing plant tissue.
The effected plant tissue quickly surrounds the egg or
immature insect, and protects and provides food for the
gall-maker until it matures.
Gall-makers may live in individual or communal
chambers inside the gall.
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Mango Shoot gall psylla Apsylla cistellata
(Homoptera : Psyllidae)
It is a serious pest of mango in northern India.
It is reported from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and
Terrai regions of northern India.
Source: www.agritech.tnau.ac.in
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Identification
Adults: 3-4 mm long with black head and thorax and
light brown abdomen. Membranous wings.
Nymphs: Freshly hatched nymphs are yellowish in
colour, but change in size and colour with time
Nymphs
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Life Cycle
It has a single generation per year.
Adult females lay eggs into the midrib of leaves in MarchApril.
Eggs hatch after 200 days.
This pest creates green conical galls in leaf axis.
Five nymphal instars are present and nymphal period is 140
days.
Second instar nymph migrates to the already formed gall .
Adults may live up to 30-72 h.
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Symptoms and Nature of damage
The activity of the pest starts from August.
The galls dry out after emergence of adults
in March.
The adult females lay eggs in the midribs as
well as in lateral axis of new leaves.
Nymphs emerge from eggs during AugustSeptember and crawl to the adjacent buds to
suck cell sap. As a result of feeding, the
buds develop into hard conical green galls.
The galls are usually seen during
September-October. ]
Consequently, there is no fruit set.
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Mango leaf gall midge Procontarinia spp
(Diptera: Ceccidomydiae)
Symptoms
Mango leaf gall midge produce wart-like galls on
leaves resulting in reduced photosynthesis if left
uncontrolled leading to leaf drop and lowered fruit
production.
It is spread by wind currents and movement of
infested plant material..
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Life Cycle
Midges are very small flies, 1-2 mm in length.
The female lays eggs into the tissue of young leaves
leaving a small reddish spot. The leaf tissue under the
red spot becomes swollen and soft.
Gall formation begins within seven days and attains a
maximum diameter of 3-4 mm.
Adults usually emerge from the underside of the leaf
leaving the pupal skin protruding from the emergence
hole.
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Summary
Nymphs of Mango Shoot gall psylla Apsylla cistellata emerge during
August September and suck cell sap from adjacent buds. As a result of
feeding, buds develop into hard conical green galls.The galls are usually
seen during September-October.Consequently there is no flowering and
fruit setting. Nymphs pass winter inside the galls.
Mango leaf gall midge produces wart-like galls on leaves resulting in
reduced photosynthesis, leading to leaf drop and lowered fruit production.
Younger trees may die while older trees fail to recover normal growth after
repeated attacks.
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