Transcript Ken Chase - PACVTU Home | Boiling Springs, PA

Session TWO
1
Life Cycle of Trout
2
Egg
Trout eggs have black
eyes and a central line
that show healthy
development. Egg
hatching depends on
the water temperature
in an aquarium or in a
natural habitat.
3
Alevin
Once hatched, the trout
have a large yolk sac
used a food source.
Each alevin slowly
begins to develop adult
trout characteristics. An
alevin lives close the
gravel until it “buttons
up.”
4
Fry
Buttoning-up occurs
when alevin absorb the
yolk sac and being to
feed on aquatic insects.
Fry swim close to the
water surface, allowing
the swim ladder to fill
with air and help the fry
float through water.
5
Fingerling and Parr
When a fry grows to 2-5
inches, it becomes a
fingerling. When develops
large dark markings, it then
becomes a parr. Local
schools that participate with
Cumberland Valley Chapter
Trout Unlimited classroom
trout raising project will
release the Trout into its
natural habitat at the
fingerling stage.
6
Juvenile
In the natural habitat, a
trout avoids predators,
including wading birds
and larger fish, by
hiding in underwater
roots and brush. As a
juvenile, a trout
resembles an adult but
is not yet old or large
enough to spawn.
7
Adult
In the adult stage,
female and male Trout
spawn in fall and winter.
Trout turn vibrant in
color during the
spawning and then lay
eggs in fish nests, or
redds, in the gravel.
The life cycle of the
Trout continues into the
egg stage again.
8
The Trout Body
9
Entomology (Bugs)
A Successful Fly-Fisher
must know about what
trout eat.
10
Entomology (bugs)
Purpose
 Show
how the fly-fisher can use
knowledge of aquatic critters
 Improve fishing
 Improve fly selection
11
Aquatic Macroinvertebrates
 Aquatic

= pertaining to water
Especially organisms living in fresh water
 Macro___

= prefix meaning “large”
able to see with naked eye
 Invertebrate

= animal without a backbone
Insects, crustaceans, worms, others
12
What you need to know
 Trout
do NOT speak Latin
 Trout can’t identify macroinvertebrates
 Trout know what looks good to eat
 Trout know what food items act like
 Trout face upstream . . .


aquatic macroinvertebrates drift downstream
trout eat macroinvertebrates
13
Bug Characteristics
 Shape
 Size
– what does it look like?
– how big or small is it?
 Color
– what color or colors is it?
 Habitat
– where does it live in nature?
 Behavior
– what does it act like?
14
Adults have same Shape

Mayfly adults hold
wings up like sails

Stonefly adults fold
wings flat over back

Caddisfly adults fold
wings like a pup tent
15
Match the natural with size & color
variations of the same fly pattern
 Choose
fly pattern style based on type of
water to be fished
 Vary
the color & size to match the naturals
of the locale you fish
 Use
the appropriate stripping action or
dead drift to match the natural’s behavior
16
Flies represent naturals

Dry Fly – fished on water’s surface


Nymph – fished on or near bottom



Adult midge & emerging midge
Soft-hackle – fished just under surface film


Larval stage: mayfly, stonefly, caddis, etc.
Scud, sowbug (NOT aquatic insects)
Midge – fished in surface film


Adult: mayfly (also dun), caddis, stonefly, dragonfly, terrestrial
(grasshopper, ant, spider)
Pupal stage of caddis & emerging mayfly dun
Streamer – fished in water column or bottom

“minnow,” leech, crayfish
17
Mayfly Life Cycle
18
Mayflies






Egg – larva (nymph) – emerger – dun – adult
Diverse shapes of nymphs
Dun is a pre-adult with wings
Adults have no mouthparts or digestive tracts
Adult female spinners are susceptible to trout
while laying eggs
Adult males & females may be different sizes
and colors
19
Mayfly larva (nymph)

Single set of wing pads
 2 or 3 tails (usually 3)
 Gills on abdominal segments
20
4 mayfly larva body types

Swimmers


Crawlers


Mod-fast water
Clingers


Slow-mod water
Swift water
Burrowers

Placid water
21
Behavior more important than fly
pattern of mayfly nymph

Swimmers in slow-mod. water
• Move with bursts of rapid up & down flips, moving from a few
inches to a few feet

Crawlers in mod.-fast water with weedbeds or
rocks with nooks & crannies
• Poor swimmers; drift with current while trying to get to the
bottom

Clingers in swift water, like riffles
• Good at staying on or under rocks
• Migrates to slower water before emerging as duns

Burrowers in placid water
• Live in burrows until emerging to surface to become duns
22
Various mayfly families
23
Stonefly Life Cycle
24
Stoneflies
– larva (nymph) with many moltings – adult
 Mature larvae migrate to stream edges
 Known as “clean water” insects
 Not active swimmers
 egg


Clings under rocks & crevices in swift water
May drift with the current, esp. before
emergence
25
Stonefly larva (nymph)

Two distinct sets of
wing pads
 Always 2 tails – set
wide apart
 No gills or gills may
resemble undulating
tufts under thorax
26
Various stonefly families
27
Caddis Fly Life Cycle
28
Caddisflies
– larva (on bottom) – pupa (rises to surface) – adult
 Live as larvae most of the year
 egg


As pupa one to several weeks
As adults 1-3 weeks (unable to eat)
 Extremely


diverse group, 2 major kinds
Case-building (most common)
Free-living
29
Caddisfly larva





No wing pads
No tails
May have stubby
appendages with hooks
at the end of abdomen
Smallish head; fleshy
segmented abdomen
Looks like a caterpillar
with 6 legs in thorax area
30
Various caddisfly families
31
Midges
Egg – larva (2 or 3 moltings) – pupa – adult
 Life cycle I week to 1 year
 Abundant and diverse - makes up for small size
 True flies – have only two wings

32
Midge larva






No wing pads
No tails (may have knobby protrusions at rear end)
No legs apparent
Tiny head
Elongated, maggot-like shape
Segmented abdomen (sometimes with pairs of fleshy
knobs)

Can’t swim, but grub around on the bottom
33
Midge pupae most important to the
fly fisher





Looks like a hunched-back midge larva
Wings bunched in a dark bundle at the thorax
Head barely visible; body tapers
May have gas trapped in pupal shuck
May have distinct tuft at head end
34
Damsels & Dragons
35
Water Beetles
36
Water bugs

Water boatman

Water strider
37
Fishfly, Dobsonfly,& Alderfy Larva
(Dobsonfly larvae are also known as hellgrammites)
38
Scuds & Sowbugs
are crustaceans, NOT aquatic insect larvae
Scuds flat side-to-side
Sowbugs flat top-to-bottom
Fast swimmers – short bursts Poor swimmers – dead drift
39
Crayfish
aka crawfish or crawdads
40
Clams & snails
aka mollusks
41
Aquatic worms & leeches
42
Relative Size
Can you tell what they are?
43
Identify
44
Identify
45
Identify
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Identify
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Identify
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Identify
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End of Session TWO
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