Transcript Comparing Post Classical Trade networks

World Trade Routes
Europe
Silk Road
Persian Gulf
Mediterranean
Red Sea
Trans-Saharan
Indian Ocean I, II, III
Southernization by Linda Schaefer Journal of World History
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by Lynda Shaffer Journal of
World History 1994
“a rich south and a poor north”
The process of spreading “southern” ideas, technologies, cash crops and mathematics to the “north”
Prosperity is linked to warmer temps for the growing of cotton
Southernization laid the foundation for westernization
From India:
Buddhism
Pepper
Sugar
Cotton
“Arabic numerals”
“zero”
Lentils
From China:
From China:
From Southeast Asia:
•paper technology
•paper technology
•Nutmeg
•iron
•iron
•Mace
•varieties•varieties
of Buddhism
of Buddhism
•Cloves
•Confucianism
•Confucianism
•Champa rice
•gunpowder,
compasscompass
•gunpowder,
•Navigational techniques
•lateen sail
From East to West, often the Twain Shall Meet
• Revitalized Silk Road
• Expanded military
presence to the west
• Introduction of “Flying
Money” (credit), deposit
shops (banks), paper
money, and guilds
• Construction of Grand
Canal
• Industrial revolution
Paper money – Song China
The Silk Road
• Establishment of
Trans-Saharan trade
route (gold-salt)
• Spread of Islam into
sub-Saharan Africa
• Rise of Timbuktu
and Jenne as trade
cities
• Use of Niger River
Salt slabs to be traded for gold
• Early medieval
period
Most trade local
Lack of coins
Political instability –
invasions by Vikings,
Muslims, Magyars
Market in medieval Paris
• Middle Ages
Agricultural
advances =
population growth =
rise of towns = rise
of trade and
merchant / artisan
classes
Regional fairs
Medieval European Farmers
Development
of Guilds
Development
of capital and
banks
Rise of
Flanders
European Guilds
Rise of Hanseatic League
Trade union of Northern
European city-states (over
100 cities joined)
Fight off pirates, other
states, create trade
monopoly
Resulted in large middleclass
Set precedent for large trade
operations later used by
Dutch and English
European
Trade
Hanseatic League
• Location astride major
trade routes
• State regulated silk
trade (silkworms
stolen from China)
• Trade concessions to
foreigners
• Trade competition with
Venice and other
Italian city-states
Constantinople
• Aztecs
Long-distance trade under special group
Tribute redistribution inhibited
development of true markets
• Incas
Little to no long-distance trade
Tribute and self-sufficiency inhibited
development of markets
• Included Swahili coast (East Africa),
Red Sea, Persian Gulf, India, Southeast
Asia, and East Asia (China)
• Dependence on monsoon winds
• Spice trade
• Use of “circuits” or “zones” – rules of
transport
• Role of Arabs (Islam) and Portuguese
• Byzantines – location, location,
location
• Dominance of Italian city-states (Venice
and Genoa)
• Muslims
• Impact of crusades
• Black Sea / Russia - Vikings
History of Essays on this Unit:
Trade 600-1450
COT 2016 AfroEurasian trade
Comp 2015 Biological, commercial or cultural exchanges (Indian, Silk, Sahara)
COT 2014 Trade Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, SE Asia
COT 2013 Mediterranean 200-1000 C.E
COT 2012 Trading networks between Africa and Eurasia circa 300 C.E-1450 C.E
COT 2009 Silk Roads
COT 2008 Indian Ocean 650 C.E- 1750 C.E
The Silk Route 600-1450 changed hands from the Muslim
and Chinese axis to the Mongol dominance, was initially a
dangerous wasteland fraught with warfare but a Pax was
established, however goods like silk and perfumes and
belief systems like Islam and Buddhism would predominate
the region
The Indian Ocean trading network 600-1450 would continue
to utilize the seasonal monsoon wind patterns with such
notable technologies as the Dhow and the lateen sail, the
diasporic Muslim communities would thrive and be guided
by sharia law throughout the periodization, however
Portuguese merchants would enter in small coastal
enclaves by the 15th century trying to get a stronghold on
the spice trade.
The Trans-Saharan trade 600-1450 would be fully integrated
into the Muslim trading network bringing Islamic
scholarship and regulated by Sharia , however both
stateless societies and the commodities of Gold and salt
would endure based on their essentiality to their respective
societies.
The Black Sea trade 600-1450 would bring the Eastern
Orthodox Christian faith to the Russian Principalities,
Vikings would trade items with the Byzantine and Arab
world, however, trade would be halted at times due to
invasions of Turks and Mongols.
The Mediterranean would continue to be an essential
trading network 600-1450 connecting Afro Eurasia through
Christianity, commodities like glassware and textiles,
however the control beginning with the Byzantine would see
changing hands through the Islamic world and eventually
feudal Europe after the Crusades
The Silk Routes and Indian Ocean 600-1450 both were
interconnected through the Islamic trading networks, both
utilized technologies like the camel saddles or lateen sail to
foster better travel , however the commodities on the silk
route would include silks and porcelain while the Indian
Ocean was known for the trade of sugar and spice
The Trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean 600-1450 both
interconnected Africa through a vast array of Muslim
networks guided by Sharia Law, both would see the rise of
strong dominant technologies like the dhow and the
caravanserai, however, Empires like Mali would rise as the
clear power in Sub-Sahara while the diversity of city states
(Swahili) and other Muslim merchant diasporic communities
would be far more diverse amongst the circuitous routes.
The Black Sea and Mediterranean trade 600-1450 were both
interconnected initially by the Byzantine Empire,
Christianity would maintain its identity for centuries in both
regions (Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism),
however, after the Growth and spread of Islam as well as the
Crusades, newer trade circuits would expand trade beyond
this region.
The Aztec trading network and Southeast Asian trading
network would engage larger regional territories (Cahokia
and Srivijaya), both would use tributary systems to collect
resources ( Aztec tribute vs Jizya) however, the Aztec were
far smaller in terms of their trade due to the North-South
axis pattern of settlement while SE Asia was part of a
broader East-West Axis connecting the larger circuits of the
Indian Ocean