Transcript BrainJeopardy - Mount Horeb Area School District

AP Psychology
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Mount Horeb High School
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The Neuron
The Nervous
System
Brain 1
Brain 2
Pain in
your
Brain
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In a neuron, the neural
impulse travels from the
_____ to the ______.
Answer
Dendrite to Axon (District Attorney)
Main Menu
These cells are found
throughout the nervous
system and provide
support for neurons.
Answer
Glial cells
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This fatty tissue
greatly increases the
speed of neural
transmission.
Answer
Myelin Sheath
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Another term for the
neural impulse traveling
down the axon
Answer
action potential
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Neurotransmitters affect the
receiving neuron by entering
______ on the receiving
neuron’s ______.
Answer
Receptor sites
Dendrites
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These seahorse-shaped
structures process facts
and experiences into longterm memory.
Answer
Hippocampi
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Which branch of the
peripheral nervous
system moves
muscles?
Answer
Somatic (or
skeletal)
Dancing Skeleton
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Daily Double!!!
Name 4 functions of the
parasympathetic nervous
system
Answer
Pupil constriction, slowing
heartbeat, digestion, gallbladder,
permits blood flow to genitals,
contracts bladder, lowers blood
pressure
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In “The Man Who
Mistook His Wife for a
Hat” Dr. P described this
as “a convoluted red
form with a linear green
attachment.”
Answer
A Rose
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Glands and internal organs
are directed by this branch
of the peripheral nervous
system.
Answer
Autonomic (sound
like automatic)
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It’s the “oldest” part
of the brain – and
responsible for
automatic survival
functions.
Answer
The brainstem (PRoM – pons,
reticular formation, medulla)
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It regulates unconscious
functions such as the
heartbeat and breathing.
Answer
The medulla
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This small structure in the
limbic system regulates hunger,
thirst, body temperature, the
fight or flight response, and sex.
Answer
Hypothalamus
5 Fs – feeding, fighting,
fleeing, Fahrenheit,
fornication
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The relay center for the
cortex. All sensory
information (except smell)
must pass through here to
get to the cerebral cortex.
Answer
The thalamus
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In “The Disembodied Lady,” the
patient enjoyed this, because
although she couldn’t feel touch,
she could feel warmth.
Answer
The sun on her skin
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These lobes in the back
of the head include the
visual cortex, where
information from the
eyes is processed.
Answer
Occipital lobes
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This lobe is directly in
front of the occipital lobe,
and includes the
(somato)sensory cortex.
Answer
Parietal lobes
Piranha bites head – he
feels it
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Where is Broca’s area
and what does it do?
Answer
Left frontal lobe, moves the mouth, etc.
(sounds like “boca”)
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The temporal lobes process
information from this sense.
Answer
Hearing
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Wernicke’s area in the
left temporal lobe plays
an important role in this.
Answer
Language comprehension
(Wernicke’s – Webster’s)
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The terminal branches
of the axon
reabsorbing
neurotransmitter is
called ________
Answer
Reuptake
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These ions flow into and out
of the axon as the action
potential moves down the
axon
Answer
K+ and Na+
Potassium and Sodium
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Neurotransmitters fit into
these on the receiving
neuron’s dendrites
Answer
Receptor sites
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Daily Double!!!
This region of the cortex turns
symbols like “D” into the sound “D”
Answer
Angular gyrus –
L has an angle and sounds like “L”
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Broca’s area produces speech by “telling”
this brain region to move the muscles
involved in speaking.
Answer
Motor cortex
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Neurotransmitters
Neuroscience
940
The
Endocrine
System
Brain
Scans
Hemispheric
Lateralization
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Learning, Attention, Memory,
Movement, Pleasure,
Parkinson’s (low) and
Schizophrenia (high)
Answer
Dopamine – Two Dopey
LAMPPS
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Hunger, Arousal, Mood, Sleep
– Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil,
Lexapro, and Celexa block the
reuptake of _______
Answer
Serotonin
(HAMS)
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Opiates like heroin, codeine,
morphine, and hydrocodone
(Vicodin) are effective against
pain because they are chemically
similar to __________
Answer
Endorphins
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Alcohol is a depressant
because it increases the
production of this
inhibitory
neurotransmitter
Answer
Gamma amino
butyric acid
(GABA)
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A major excitatory
neurotransmitter involved in
memory: g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Answer
Glutamate
(‘member that?)
Main Menu
_______ neurons carry
information from the senses
to the brain; _______
neurons carry information
from the brain to move
muscles
Answer
Sensory; Motor
Sensory neurons travel along afferent
nerves; Motor neurons travel along
efferent nerves
S
sensory
A
afferent
M
motor
E
efferent
Main Menu
Curare causes
paralysis by blocking
receptor sites for
_________
Answer
Acetylcholine
(ACh) – muscles
ache
Main Menu
Daily Double!!!
Two ways a neuron firing is
similar to firing a gun
Answer
It’s an all-or-none
response/After firing, it
must reset before it can
fire again
Main Menu
After a blow to the back of his
head, Ray temporarily lost the
ability to write with his right hand.
Which structure, in which
hemisphere, was damaged?
Answer
Cerebellum, left hemisphere
Main Menu
The limbic system
consists of which 3
structures?
Answer
Amygdala, Hippocampus, Hypothalamus
AHH!
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This gland bosses
around the other
glands
Answer
Pituitary
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They affect
metabolism
Answer
Thyroid Glands
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These glands produce and
release epinephrine into the
bloodstream during times of
stress
Answer
Adrenal
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It regulates the
amount of sugar in
the blood
Answer
The pancreas
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These are the chemical
messengers of the
endocrine system
Answer
Hormones
Main Menu
Answer
CAT scan – computerized axial tomography
Uses X-rays
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This brain scan can
show glucose
metabolism over time
Answer
PET – positron emission tomography
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EEG --
electroencephalogram
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This brain scan creates the
most detailed images, and
uses radio waves and
magnetic fields
Answer
MRI – magnetic resonance imaging
Main Menu
Answer
fMRI – functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
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Facial recognition and
3-D visualization
Answer
Right
hemisphere
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Daily Double!!!
Logical thinking and
math calculation
Answer
Left hemisphere
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Most emotion processing
Answer
Right
hemisphere
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Left Visual Field
Answer
Right hemisphere
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Sorting out parts
Answer
Left hemisphere
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Nature
And
Nurture
Adoption
or
Twin
Studies
Evolutionary
Psychology
Easy
Genes
Environment
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FINAL JEOPARDY
Put the following in order from biggest to
smallest:
Gene
Chromosome
DNA molecule
Answer
Chromosome
DNA molecule
Gene
Main Menu
Generally speaking, a
gene either regulates
other genes, or makes
these…
Answer
Proteins
Main Menu
How many genes are involved in
intelligence, height, and happiness?
1-2 for each
or
lots and lots
Answer
Lots and Lots!!
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It consists of 3 billion
pairs of nucleotides and
around 22,000 genes
Answer
The human genome
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What is the shape of a DNA
molecule?
Answer
Double Helix
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Identical twins who share a placenta are
more alike than identical twins who
have their own placenta. This is evidence
that ________ factors affect how we
turn out.
Answer
Prenatal,
Nurture
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The study of how the environment affects
the activity of genes is called __________
Answer
Epigenetics
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Daily Double!!!
True or False?
On average, siblings who grow up
in the same household are as
different in their adult
personalities as two children
randomly chosen from the
population.
Answer
True
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What does it mean to say
that the power of
parenting is greatest at
the extremes?
Answer
Since most
parents love, feed,
clothe, and
provide shelter
for their children,
it is only when
parents are
remarkably bad
or good that we
observe
differences in
how children
turn out.
Main Menu
Parents may have more
power than they know
because by choosing the
community they live in, and
therefore the school their
children attend, they
influence their children’s
______.
Answer
Peers
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Give an example of
nature affecting
nurture.
Answer
One example: a very athletic girl
(nature) gets recruited by
coaches (nurture) and ends up
on several sports teams (nurture).
As a consequence, she becomes
much more outgoing and
socially competent.
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What is the primary
means by which nurture
affects nature?
Answer
The environment turns genes on and off. For example,
genes in a boy’s developing brain are switched on by
physical abuse and his brain develops in such a way that
he doesn’t feel empathy for others.
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Briefly explain how an
eating disorder might
be explained by nature
and nurture.
Answer
Main Menu
If everyone’s environment
were exactly the same, what
would be the heritability of
temperament?
Answer
100%
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If the heritability of
intelligence is found to be
50%, this means that …
Answer
50% of the variability in IQ in
the studied group is statistically
attributable to differences in
genes.
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Why are the 68 or so pairs
of identical twins separated
at birth so sought after by
researchers?
Answer
Because they share 100% of their DNA but
were raised in different environments.
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We have learned that identical twins
are more alike than fraternal twins on
intelligence. This is evidence that
____ affect intelligence.
Answer
Nature, or
genes
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How genetically similar are
fraternal twins?
Answer
They share on average 50% of their genes,
just like ordinary siblings do.
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Briefly explain how you might do an
adoption study to investigate whether
genes affect criminal behavior.
Answer
Correlate the criminality of
men with their biological
father’s criminality and with
their adoptive father’s
criminality.
If the first correlation is higher,
…
Main Menu
Why should we expect fraternal twins of
the same gender to be somewhat more
alike than ordinary siblings of the same
gender?
Answer
Because they shared a prenatal
environment and grow up with other
similar environmental influences
because they are the same age.
Main Menu
Explain, from the evolutionary
perspective, why we might be
more afraid of spiders and snakes
than the more dangerous cars
and guns.
Answer
We are genetically-predisposed to
fear things that were dangerous in the
ancestral environment, but not
recent technologies. We have “stone
age brains in a silicon age world.”
Main Menu
Some point to our
evolutionary past as one
cause of our obesity
problem. Explain…
Answer
We are hard-wired to like and eat a lot
of high-fat, high-sugar, and/or salty
food whenever it’s available, which
wasn’t often in the ancestral
environment.
Main Menu
Why do evolutionary biologists argue that it
makes sense that female mammals are more
choosy about mates than males?
Answer
Because for females, sexual behavior is more consequential,
and the maximum number of potential offspring is lower
than for males. The optimal strategy is to strive for quality
of offspring, not quantity. Sometimes though…
Main Menu
Daily Double!!!
Assume there are genes that cause lung cancer and heart
disease in people who smoke (interaction of nature and
nurture). Explain why it’s unlikely that these genes
would necessarily become less common in the
population because of natural selection.
Answer
Because heart disease and lung cancer
strike people AFTER their
reproductive years in the vast
majority of cases.
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Is the evolutionary perspective most
helpful in understanding why people
across the world are similar, or why
they are different?
Answer
Similar, because qualities like maternal love or jealous rage
appear in all cultures, and are therefore very likely to flow
from our shared genetics.
Main Menu
Final Jeopardy
The part of the brainstem
that regulates attention
and alertness
ANSWER
Reticular formation