Transcript Psyc 001 Week 6

Psyc 001 Week 6
Draw a Sodium-Potassium ATPase pump and
explain how it works?
How many Na+ ions and K+ ions does it
move across the membrane and in
which direction?
3 Na+ ions out of the cell
2 K+ ions into the cell
What is the function of the Na+/K+ATPase Pump?
Helps to maintain the Resting Membrane Potential of a cell.
Is the Sodium potassium pump considered and
ion channel or ion transporter? Why?
It is considered a transporter because it requires energy in the form of ATP to move Na+
and K+ ions against their concentration gradient.
Na+/K+ ATPsase Pump,
Sodium Pump
Sodium Potassium Pump
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/cha
pter2/animation__how_the_sodium_potassiu
m_pump_works.html
Draw 2 presynaptic neurons and 1 postsynaptic neuron. Explain the
interaction between excitatory and inhibitory synapses
What is the main inhibitory
neurotransmitter?
GABA
Provide a general example of a drug
effecting the GABAA receptors?
What is the major excitatory
neurotransmitter?
Glutamate
Is Glutamate always an
excitatory neurotransmitter?
no
Barbiturates
Ethyl Alcohol
Benzodiazepines – antianxiety
What is the primary neurotransmitter in motor neurons?
Acetylcholine
What are, or is the function of, some of the other areas that use
acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter?
1.
2.
3.
Eyes – Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
Cerebral Cortex – perceptual learning
Hippocampus! – leaning and memory
Which toxin and venom affect the release of ACh?
Botulinum Toxin
Black widow spider venom
SIDE NOTE
Page 103 Case
Study; interesting
case describing
botulinum poison
Which one prevents the release of ACh and which
one stimulates the release of ACh?
Botulinum Toxin – Prevents release
Black widow spider venom – Stimulates Release
Most neurotransmitter effects are terminated by reuptake,
what is the reuptake mechanism for Acetylcholine?
There is no reuptake, acetylcholine is deactivated by and enzyme that is
present in the postsynaptic membrane, acetylcholinesterase.
Nail Gun Accident
You are an intern an one of the local hospitals and a construction worker comes in who
apparently has had an accident with his nail gun. The doctor quite concerned asks
you to take the man down and get a brain scan to see where exactly the nails are.
What type of brain scan would you use?
CT Scanner
What is a CT Scan exactly?
A device that uses a special x-ray machine and a computer
to produce images of the brain that appear as slices taken
parallel to the top of the scull
What is the other type of brain scan that could show you the
structure of the brain but that you would NOT want to use in this
case?
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
What is an MRI Scan exactly?
A technique with a device that uses the interaction between radio waves
and a strong magnetic field to produce images of slices of the interior of
the body
You walk into one of the local psychology labs to complete
yet another hour of forced research for your intro
psychology class and see a man hooked up to this strange
apparatus.
What type of brain scan would say he is having?
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
What is an EEG exactly?
An electrical brain potential recorded
by placing electrodes on the scalp.
When might this type of brain scan
be used?
Visual experiments, epilepsy cases, sleep
experiments, coma, tumors, stroke
What is another brain scan that is
used in the diagnosis of epilepsy by
detecting minute magnetic fields in
the cerebral cortex?
Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
What are the two other brain scanning techniques
that can be used to measure function in specific
regions of the brain?
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Functional MRI (fMRI)
What is a PET scan exactly?
The use of a device that reveals the
localization of a radioactive tracer in a living
brain.
What is a fMRI scan exactly?
A modification of the MRI procedure
that permits the measurement of
regional metabolism in the brain
If you were doing an experiment on the reward pathway and wanted
to directly stimulate the area of the brain associated this pathway,
basically mimicking reward, whenever a cat jumped through a hoop of
fire what technique could you use?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
What is the name of the
lobe in Yellow?
What is the name of the
lobe in blue?
Occipital Lobe
Frontal Lobe
What is the function of
the occipital lobe?
What is the function of
the frontal lobe?
Processing and
perceiving vision
Reasoning, personality
attention, motor
What is the name of the
lobe in red?
Parietal Lobe
What is the function of
the parietal lobe?
Which Lobe
is the most
important
lobe?
Integrating sensory information,
somatosensation, processing
spatial information, temperature
perception
What is the name of the
lobe in Green?
Temporal Lobe
What is the function of
the temporal lobe?
Processing and perceiving
sound, memory
What is the difference between the CNS
and the PNS?
The CNS, Central Nervous System is considered the
brain and the spinal cord
While the PNS, Peripheral Nervous System is
considered to be the nervous system peripheral to the
brain and spinal cord; the cranial and spinal nerves
What are the Cranial Nerves?
-A bundle of nerve fibers that transmit information
between the central Nervous system and the body’s
sense organs, muscles, and glands
- Know head and Neck region eyes, ears, nose and
tongue
What are the Spinal Nerves?
A bundle of nerve fibers attached to the spinal cord;
conveys sensory information from the body and carries
messages to muscles and glands.
What are the 3 major parts of the human brain?
Brain Stem, Cerebellum, Cerebral
hemispheres
What Does the Brain Stem Do?
- Control physiological functions and automatic behaviors
- Provides the main motor and sensory innervations to the face and neck via the
cranial nerves
What are the parts of the Brain Stem?
Medulla Pons and Midbrain
What is the function of the Medulla?
Controls functions like heart rate and blood pressure
What is the function of the Pons?
Involved in the control of sleep
What is the function of the Midbrain?
Involved in the control of fighting and sexual behavior and in decreased
sensitivity to pain during these behaviors
What structure is interconnected with the
cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brain
stem?
Basal Ganglia
What is the function of the Basal Ganglia?
Involved in control of slow movements and movements of larger muscles
What 3 structures are included in the Limbic System?
Amygdala, Hippocampus! And limbic cortex
What is the function of the Limbic System?
Important in emotional and species-typical behavior
What is the function of the Hippocampus!
Involved in learning and memory
What is the function of the Amygdala?
Emotion, emotional behavior, controls
physiological reactions fight or flight
A behavior seen in all or most
members of a species, nest
building