Transcript The human body: tissue types

The human body: tissue types
The human body
• primary tissues:
muscle
nervous
epithelial
connective
• organs:
composed of at least two primary tissues
• systems:
organs located in different regions of the body that
perform related functions
Primary Tissues
• muscle
– skeletal
– cardiac
– smooth
• nervous tissue
– neurons
– glial cells
• epithelial tissue
– membranes
– glands
Primary Tissues
• connective tissue
–
–
–
–
fat (adipose)
cartilage
bone
blood
Epithelial Tissue
• membranes - flat sheets of cells that
cover and line body surfaces
• Functions: lines, covers, produces
glands
• Cells are connected together
• Have a basement layer of connective
tissue
• Avascular
• Layers:
– simple = 1 layer, regulates transport
– stratified = many layers, acts as barrier
• shapes of cells in upper layer vary squamous, cuboidal, columnar
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
columnar epithelium lining tubules of epididymis
(male reproductive system)
Epithelial Tissue
stratified epithelium lining trachea (respiratory system)
Connective Tissue
• Connective tissue is found everywhere
in the body
• Functions: binds (connects) body parts;
supports organs and systems, provides
protection from mechanical damage
• Has both living (cells) and matrix
(nonliving) components
• Matrix: lots of extracellular material
between cells that is not alive
– fluid
– proteins
Types of Connective
Tissue
• Types of connective:
-
Adipose
Cartilage
Osseous
Blood
-
Areolar
- Reticular
Osseous Tissue
• Function: support the body
and protect body cavities;
produces blood
• Composed of bones cells in
cavities called osteocytes,
have a very hard matrix, and
collagen fibers
Dense Connective
Tissue
• Composed of collagen fibers
• Types:
– Tendons: attach muscle to muscle
– Ligaments: connects bones to
bone
Areolar Tissue
• Web-like matrix
• Functions:
– Cushions, protects
– Soaks up water to act like glue
that holds other tissues
together
Connective Tissue
cartilage
bone
blood
Adipose Tissue
• Contains lipids
• Cushions organs and stores
nutrients
Reticular Tissue
• Composed of delicate woven
fibers
• Forms stroma
Blood
• Composed of fluid matrix
called plasma
• Clotting fibers visible
during clotting
• Cary nutrients, gases, and
wastes through out the body
Connective Tissue
fat (adipose)
Muscle
• Function:
specialized to
contract or shorten to
produce movement
• skeletal muscle
“voluntary”
striated
multiple nuclei per cell
• cardiac muscle
found only in heart
specialized striated
muscle - not “voluntary”
has intercalated discs
uninuclei per cell
• smooth muscle
“involuntary”
not striated
1 nucleus per cell
attached to hollow organs
like the stomach,
intestines, esophagus
Muscle
intercalated
discs
Nervous Tissue
• neurons (nerve cells)
• Function: irritability and conduction
of impulses
- Dendrites - receive information
- Cell body - contains nucleus, metabolic
center, integrates input
- Axon - conducts nerve impulses
• glial cells
provide support - enhance electrical
activity of neurons
Nervous Tissue