Transcript file - Athens Academy

Nervous
System
Divisions
The Cells of
NeuroMembrane
the Nervous
transmitters Potentials
System
Lorenzo’s
Oil
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The two
overarching
divisions of the
nervous system
What is the central
nervous system
(CNS) and peripheral
nervous system
(PNS)?
The two major
components of the
CNS.
What are the brain
and spinal cord?
The division within the
PNS that is responsible
for relaying messages
from the external
environment to the
brain.
What is the
sensory or afferent
division (via
neurons)?
This division of the
PNS is responsible
for skeletal muscle
movement.
What is the
somatic motor
nervous system?
This is the division of
the Autonomic Nervous
System that prepares
the body for physical
activity (ie – increases
heart rate, bp, etc…).
What is the
sympathetic
division?
This is the main cell
of the nervous
system responsible
for the transmission
of messages between
CNS and PNS.
What is the
neuron?
The two main
processes of the
neuron.
What are axons and
dendrites?
The group of nervous
system cells that
maintain the ability
to regenerate.
What are
neuroglia?
This type of cell
produces the
cerebrospinal fluid that
fills the central canal in
the spinal cord and the
ventricles within the
brain.
What are
ependymal cells?
This type of cell is
responsible for ridding the
brain of debris and foreign
substances – it acts as an
immune system for the
nervous system.
What are
microglia?
Junction where
neurotransmitters
deliver messages
between neurons.
What is the
synapse?
Neurotransmitters
are almost always
this type of
macromolecule.
What are proteins?
This is the brain’s
version of adrenaline
– it mediates energy,
sexual function,
mental focus and
motivation.
What is
norepinephrine?
Responsible for helping
us feel wonderful and
happy, this
neurotransmitter may
be the most influential
in regulating mood and
emotion.
What is seratonin?
In addition to helping us
maintain our sanity,
having an imbalance in
this neurotransmitter
plays a role in the
development of
Parkinson’s Disease.
What is dopamine?
This is the name of
the active transport
pump that helps
neurons maintain
their resting
membrane potential.
What is the
sodium-potassium
pump?
At resting membrane
potential, the charge
found in the synaptic
cleft.
What is a positive
charge?
The rapid
depolarization and
repolarization of a
neuron.
What is an action
potential?
A type of action
potential that jumps
from one Node of
Ranvier to the next,
which is propagated
very quickly, by the way.
What is saltatory
conduction?
Saltatory Conduction
is performed by this
type of axon.
What is a
myelinated axon?
The name of the
disease that
Lorenzo has (full
name only).
What is
adrenoleukodystrophy?
Michaela’s genotype
with regard to her
rd
23 chromosome
pair.
What is Xx (or
heterozgous)? She
is a carrier.
Part of the neuron
in Lorenzo’s PNS
that is affected by
ALD.
What is the myelin
sheath?
EC – What type of cell is
responsible for making myelin in
the PNS? The CNS?
Type of
macromolecule that
builds up in nervous
tissue of ALD
patients solubilizing
portions of the
neurons.
What are very long
chain saturated
fatty acids
(VLCSFAs)?
Type of molecule that
ALD patients lack
that causes the
build-up of VLCSFAs.
What is an enzyme
(which aids in the
process of VLCSFA
breakdown)?