Transcript Gross Appearance of Cerebellum

The Cerebellum 小脑
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室
李振华
Position of Cerebellum
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Situated in the posterior
cranial fossa
Covered superiorly by
the tentorium of
cerebellum
Cerebellum
Position of Cerebellum
Magnetic resonance images of the cerebellum of a 16-year-old female.
Sagittal slice.
Gross Appearance of Cerebellum
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Consists of two
cerebellar hemisphere小
脑半球 joined by a narrow
median vermis 小脑蚓
Gross Appearance of Cerebellum
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Superior view
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Anterior and posterior
cerebellar notches
Primary fissure 原裂
Inferior view
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Tonsil of cerebellum 小脑扁
桃体: two elevated masses on
inferior surface of
hemispheral portion just
nearby foramen magnum
Posterolateral fissure 后外侧裂
Gross Appearance of Cerebellum
Nodule小结
Uvula of vermis
蚓垂
Pyramid of vermis
蚓锥体
Tuber of vermis
蚓结节
Lobs of Cerebellum
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Two deep fissures
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Primary fissure 原裂
Posterolateral fissure 后外侧裂
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Three lobs
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Flocculonodular lobe 绒球小结叶
flocculus and nodule
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Anterior lobe
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Posterior lobe
Corpus of
cerebellar 小脑体
Structure of the Cerebellum
Gray matter
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Cerebellar cortex
Cerebellar nuclei
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Dentate nucleus 齿状核
Fastigial nucleus 顶核
Interposed nuclei 中间核
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Emboliform nucleus 栓状核
Globose nucleus 球状核
White matter－medulla 髓质
Structure of the Cerebellum
Cerebellar cortex
Fastigial nucleus
Globose nucleus
Dentate nucleus
medullary center
Emboliform nucleus
Three Functional Divisions
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Vestibulocerebellum 前庭小脑
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Spinocerebellum 脊髓小脑
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Archicerebellum 原小脑
Flocculonodular lobe
Paleocerebellum 旧小脑
Anterior lobe and uvula and
pyramid of vermis
Cerebrocerebellum 大脑小脑
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Neocerebellum 新小脑
Posterior lobe except uvula and
pyramid of vermis
White matter of cerebellum
Three peduncles
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Inferior cerebellar peduncle
小脑下脚 －connect with medulla and
with spinal cord, contain both afferent
and efferent fibers
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Middle cerebellar peduncle
小脑中脚－connect with pons, contain
afferent fibers
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Superior cerebellar peduncle
小脑上脚－connect with midbrain,
contain mostly efferent fibers
Connections and Function of Cerebellum
Archicerebellum 原小脑 (Vestibulocerebellum 前庭小脑)
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Connections
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Afferents: receive input from vestibular nuclei and primary
vestibular
Efferents: projects to the vestibular nucleus → vestibulospinal
tract and medial longitudinal fasciculus → motor neurons of
anterior horn
Function: involved in eye movements and maintain balance
Connections and Function of Cerebellum
Paleocerebellum 旧小脑 (Spinocerebellum 脊髓小脑)
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Connnection
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Afferents: receive somatic sensory information via
spinocerebellar tracts
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Efferents fibers: projects to the fastigial and interposed nuclei
→ vestibular nuclei, reticular formation and red nucleus →
vestibulospinal tract, reticulospinal tract and rubrospinal tract →
motor neurons of anterior horn
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Function: control of muscle tone
Connections and Function of Cerebellum
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Neocerebellum 新小脑 (Cerebrocerebellum 大脑小脑)
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Connection
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Afferents: receives input from the cerebral cortex via a relay in
pontine nuclei
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Efferents: projects to dentate nucleus → dorsal thalamus and
red nucleus→ primary motor cortex → corticospinal tract → motor
neurons of anterior horn
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Function: coordinator of precise movements
fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) of a volunteer executing
repetitive finger movements of the right hand. The arm/trunk areal activity is
attributable to a stabilization function.