Transcript Nervous System

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The story of Phineas Gage
How his tragic story lead to new scientific
discoveries about the human brain!!
Answer the following in your comp book
1. How did Phineas Gage change after the
accident?
2. How did Phineas Gage’s accident change
scientists’ understanding of the brain
2 parts
◦ CNS = Central Nervous system
◦ PNS = Peripheral Nervous system
1. Brain
◦ Average brain = 3-4 lbs.
◦ 100 billion nerve cells (neurons)
2. Spinal Cord
◦ Housed by vertebral column
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Leading out from the CNS to specific parts
of the body
1. Nerves
 31 pairs of spinal nerves branch off to the body
2. Receptors
3. Muscles
4. Glands
Reptilian – most primitive
2. Limbic – emotions
3. Cerebrum – most advanced
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Name the 2 parts of your NERVOUS SYSTEM
What two things make up your CENTRAL NS?
What 4 things make up your PERIPHERAL NS?
Name the 3 main regions of the brain
 Midbrain –
vision, hearing
 Pons –
consciousness,
sleep
 Medulla oblongata –
heart rate &
breathing
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(vital signs)
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Functions below level of conscious thought
Involuntary
◦ Coordination
◦ Balance
May play a role in schizophrenia,
ADHD, autism, and other
psychiatric disorders
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Communication between right and left brain
Electrical signal problems cause epilepsy
◦ Primitive emotions such
as fear and danger
◦ Thirst, hunger
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Sensory integration
Spatial sense
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Amygdala:
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Hippocampus:
◦ “decodes” emotions, especially anything
threatening
◦ Learning
◦ Emotional memories…FEAR
◦ Video: start at 3:30
*Hippocampus and amygdala work together to
produce anxiety and related disorders
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Most advanced – conscious brain
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Largest part of the brain
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Intelligence/Reasoning
Memory
Language
Personality
Senses
Divided into 2 halves
◦ Left & Right brain
 Surface
is greatly folded to
increase surface area
LEFT BRAIN:
logical, rational, analytical
RIGHT BRAIN:
Creative, random, intuitive
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LIST the 3 main parts of the BRAIN
Name the brain part:
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Thirst/hunger
Vision, hearing
Anxiety
Fear
Sensory integration
Coordination/balance
Vital signs
Schizophrenia, autism, etc.
Right/left connection
Consciousness, sleep
Intelligence, reasoning
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Dancer : right/left brain
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EXTRA CREDIT OP: left / right brain quiz