Transcript option 1 - IIT Bombay

Octahedral Crystal Field
Splitting
Why do d-orbitals split in these peculiar ways in
presence of Octahedral ligand fields?
This interactive instruction animation will explain
things for the beginner student of Inorganic
Chemistry
Dhruv Joshi
Department of Chemistry
IIT Bombay
INSTRUCTIONS TO ANIMATOR
In this IDD, first the master layout and the definitions of
components will be shown.
After that the slides will be shown in the order which the
user will be seeing them. Slides will initially contain some
theory and then will have a simple interactive animation.
Please follow the order shown, which will help the user
understand the concept very well.
1
Master Layout
2
WORKSPAC
3
4
5
TEXT
1
2
3
Definitions of the components:
1.orbital: These are the regions in an atom where electrons are most likely
to be found
2.d-orbitals: These are a certain set of orbitals which are found filled in
transition metals like Iron, Copper etc. They are important in the study of
Complex compounds, which this IDD is dealing with. The d-orbitals are of
two types: t2g and eg
3.Complex compounds: compounds made most commonly by Transition
metals (like iron, copper, nickel) which involve special bonds, and hence
these are classified seperately as complex””.
4.Ligands: These are negatively charged compounds which attach to a
transition metal to make complex compounds
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Analogy / Scenario / Action
In forming a complex compound, the d-orbitals of a transition metal
undergo some changes which cause the complex compounds to have the
unique properties which they do.
The so-called “Crystal Field Theory” explains this by electronic repulsion
between ligands and the electrons in d-orbitals.
The ligands approach the metal from different directions, and depending
on which orbital is closest to their direction of approach, they cause the
energy of it to increase, due to electronic repulsions.
Slide 1
The ligands approaching a transition metal split the dorbitals in different ways depending on their orientation in
space.
Please choose one orbital type to know how the degenerate
d-orbitals get split in an octahedral field:
dxy
dx2-y2
dyz
dxz
dz2
OPTION 1: dxy
1 SLIDE 1
Action
3d rotation possible
OCTAHEDRAL CASE - dxy
2
3
4
5
TEXT box 1
ENLARGED VIEW OF THE
PARTS – FOR ANIMATOR
The three axes X,Y and Z
are perpendicular to one
another, they are white in
colour and will be thin lines.
For purposes of reference
for the user, the “Z-axis” will
be in dashed form, as
shown.
Against each axis the letters
“X”,”Y” or “Z” against the
axes indicate which axes it
is.
The blue and red lobes are
solid structures, which are
oblong in shape. The
sections of these shapes are
given below, and in each
subsequent case they will be
given:
The side views along two
axes at a time are shown
below: This can help build a
3D view of these objects.
OPTION 1: dxy
1 SLIDE 2
Action
3d rotation possible
OCTAHEDRAL CASE - dxy
2
Appearance of the
ligands
3
4
5
Energy shift
OPTION 1: dxy
1 SLIDE 3
Action
3d rotation possible
OCTAHEDRAL CASE - dxy
2
Ligand movement
3
Energy shift
4
TEXT BOX 1
5
OPTION 2: dyz
1 SLIDE 1
Action
3d rotation possible
OCTAHEDRAL CASE - dyz
2
3
4
5
OPTION 2: dyz
1 SLIDE 2
Action
3d rotation possible
OCTAHEDRAL CASE - dyz
2
Ligands appear
3
Text box 1 text appear
4
Thick white line
5
OPTION 2: dyz
1 SLIDE 3
Action
3d rotation possible
OCTAHEDRAL CASE - dyz
2
Ligand movement
3
Energy shift
4
TEXT BOX 1
5
OPTION 3: dxz
1 SLIDE 1
Action
3d rotation possible
OCTAHEDRAL CASE - dxz
2
3
4
5
OPTION 3: dxz
1 SLIDE 2
Action
3d rotation possible
OCTAHEDRAL CASE - dxz
2
Ligands appear
3
Text box 1 text appear
4
Thick white line
5
OPTION 3: dxz
1 SLIDE 3
Action
3d rotation possible
OCTAHEDRAL CASE - dxz
2
Ligand movement
3
Energy shift
4
TEXT BOX 1
5
OPTION 4: dx2-y2
1 SLIDE 1
Action
3d rotation possible
OCTAHEDRAL CASE - dx2-y2
2
TEXT box 1
3
4
5
THIS
COU
HOW
SHO
ENLARGED VERSION OF
THE ENERGY PROFILE
ANIMATOR: This applies to
all the slides. The thick line
moves upwards or
downwards, the rest of the
energy diagram stays the
same. How the thick line
moves will be explained in
the “actions” table of each
case.
OPTION 4: dx2-y2
1 SLIDE 2
Action
Descrip
3d rotation
possible
The use
workspa
the mou
Ligands
appear
The six
start mo
towards
Text box 1
text appears
“In an o
be c
the t
Thick line
gets raised
slightly.
The thic
diag
line
it wa
OCTAHEDRAL CASE - dx2-y2
2
3
4
5
OPTION 4: dx2-y2
1 SLIDE 3
Action
Descrip
3d rotation
possible
The use
workspa
the mou
OCTAHEDRAL CASE - dx2-y2
2
3
Ligand effect The fou
shown
Text box 1
text appears
The lob
direc
expe
the n
Thick line
The thic
diag
with
towa
4
5
OPTION 5: dz2
1 SLIDE 1
Action
3d rotation possible
OCTAHEDRAL CASE – dz2
2
TEXT box 1
3
4
5
OPTION 5: dz2
1 SLIDE 2
Action
Descrip
3d rotation
possible
The use
workspa
the mou
Ligands
appear
The six
start mo
towards
Text box 1
text appears
“In an o
be c
the t
Thick line
gets raised
slightly.
The thic
diag
line
it wa
OCTAHEDRAL CASE – dz2
2
3
4
5
OPTION 5: dz2
1 SLIDE 3
Action
Descrip
3d rotation
possible
The use
workspa
the mou
OCTAHEDRAL CASE – dz2
2
3
Ligand effect The six
shown,
closer to
along th
the othe
Text box 1
text appears
The lob
direc
expe
the n
espe
the Z
Thick line
The thic
4
5
Links for further reading
Reference websites:
http://www.chemtube3d.com/orbitals-d.htm
Books:
Research papers: