Transcript Types of Cells Panayiotoufinal

Palisade Mesophyll
By: William Avey
• Contains the majority
of the chloroplasts
within the leaf, thus it
is the main site of
photosynthesis.
• It has all the generic
organelles, and it also
has chloroplasts,
which is unique to
plants.
xylem: the vascular tissue in plants that conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root and also helps to form the woody
element in the stem.
there sole purpose is to assist with the transport of water through vessels and
whom contain no organelles
prominent organelles : xylem contains many cells with in its tissue
such as tracheids, vessel elements, and parenchyma
elongated dead cells
Bundle Sheath Cell
• The are photosynthetic cells around the veins of a
leaf.
• They are packed very tightly & form protection.
• Mitochondria & Chloroplasts are important for the
structure of these cells.
• Chloroplasts are where the Calvin Cycle takes
place.
• The Calvin Cycle is part of photosynthesis
(production of sugar from CO2)
• Mitochondria are structural.
• Membrane folds up to cristae.
Root Hair
• Absorbs water and minerals from
soil and sends it to the rest of the
plant
• Have a large vacuole to allow
more water to be absorbed
Neutrophil
• Neurtophil’s are the most abundant
type of white blood cells in mammals.
They form an essential part of the
innate immune system
• Neutrohpil’s contain the usual animal
cell organelles; ER, golgi apparatus,
nucleus, mitochondria. They also
have granuoles that get released to
various stimuli to fight infection
(WBC’s roll)
• Note: It only has one nucleus, even
though it looks like it has more. The
nucleus has 2-5 lobes.
ROD CELLS
What are they?
Photoreceptor cells in the
retina of the eye.
Structure
Rod-shaped and contain many stacked
discs. Have a high area for visual pigment
thus allowing for high efficiency light
absorption. Rod cells have a synaptic
terminal w/ an inner and outer terminal.
This terminal creates a synapse with
other neurons.
Function
Used for low light absorption.
Unlike cone cells, rod cells
have no role in coloured
vision.
Organelles
Rod cells have a nucleus, mitochondrion,
GA, smooth ER, rough ER, ribosomes and
cilium. Cilium are most prominent
because they are responsible for
connecting the inner and outer
terminals.
Epidermal Cells
Nick Delaney
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An example of an epidermal cell is onion tissue
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Are the largest, most numerous and least
specialized of all the different plant cells
They are formed on the outer-most surfaces
of leaves, flowers, stems and roots
Epidermal cells are packed tightly together
and have thicker cell walls than other types
of plant tissue
They produce a protective waxy covering
called a cuticle
The functions of epidermal cells include:
Protection from physical and environmental
damage(e.g. From wind, animals, insects)
Prevention of water loss
Reflection of sunlight to protect the plant
from too much heat
Regulation of gas exchange and secretion of
metabolic compounds
With the exception of some ferns and
several aquatic plants, epidermal cells
contain no chloroplast and therefore don’t
participate in photosynthesis
Sperm Cells
By: Shannon Mulholland
Function: Carries the male’s genetic material to the
female’s egg for fertilization. This genetic material
contributes to the DNA-make-up of the offspring. The
offspring gets half of its chromosomes from the
sperm cell.
Organelles
Mitochondria: Provides the abundant amount of
energy needed for the sperm cell to travel the long
distance of the female genital track to get to the egg.
Nucleus: holds the cell’s DNA in it’s 23 chromosomes
which would be fused with the DNA from the female
egg and produce the DNA of the offspring.
Acrosome: This is unique in sperm cells. Used to
break through the exterior barrier of the female egg,
therefore it can enter and fertilize the egg . (However:
one sperm cell cannot do this on its own, it takes
many of them to break through this barrier)
Gordie Sherk
Schwann Cells
Function: The Schwann cells function is to
produce the myelin sheath. The myelin sheath
consists of tightly wrapped layers of plasma
membrane that act as electrical insulators due
to their high lipid content. Schwann cells also
play a role in the repair and regeneration of
damaged nerves.
One of the most prominent organelles in the Schwann cell is the axon. The axon is the
the most prominent because it conducts electric impulses away from the Schwann
cells cell body.
Smooth Muscle Tissue
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Involuntary muscle tissue
Single nuclei and is found in the walls of internal organs
E.g. Stomach, intestine, bladder, etc.
Mitochondria provides ATP that is needed for the
contraction of the muscle
• SER is used for calcium storage
ADIPOSE CELLS/TISSUE
•part of a connective cell tissue
•adipose tissue consists of several cell types, the highest amount
being adipocytes
•cell consists of 80% fat and exists close to the liver, bone marrows,
break tissue, and around organs and muscle beneath the skin
•cells role is to store energy in the form of lipids
•tissue cushions and insulates the body and fills the need for hunger
and diet for the brain.
•cells are beneficial during exercise
•cells secrete fatty acids, during physical activity, that are used by
muscles and other tissues as a form of energy
•fat stored, within the cells, come from direct fats eaten which
include fats from carbohydrates and some fats from proteins
•also trigger hormonal affects to the body
ADIPOSE TISSUE WITH CELLS
•cells secrete a fatty substance known as prostanoids , which
contains a protein hormone leptin which regulates the
metabolism, body weight and reproduction function
•2 types of adipose cells that have similar function but different structure
•White adipose cells contain a small cytoplasm, large fat droplets and a non-centralized nucleus whereas brown adipose
cells contain a large cytoplasm, a centralized nucleus, numerous mitochondria and a variation in fat droplet size
•brown adipose cells do not secrete the fat but use the cells mitochondria to generate a heating system
Hepatocyte
• Majority component of liver cells
• Protein Storage and Synthesis
• Regulates the contents of
blood, digesting helpful
nutrients and forming
reactions to break down
toxins through endocrine and
exocrine functions
• Creates bile which aids in the digesting of fats
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum can be found in
abundance
-photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye
-responsible for color vision
-Humans have three kinds of cones
By: Mia
L (respond to long wavelengths), M (medium long
wave lengths, and S (small wave lengths
-have a cone-like shape, at one end where the
pigment filters light coming in
-Every cone cell has a synaptic terminal, an outer and
inner segment
The inner and outer segments are connected by a cilium
cell membrane
Photopigments
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Contractile vacuole
Organelles found
in Cone Cells
Photopigments pigments that undergo a chemical change
when they absorb light.
Cell membrane separates what's inside the cell from
the outside
Mitochondria generate ATP (cells “power plants”)
Nucleus contains all of genetic information needed
Contractile vacuole organelle that is involved in
osmosis
Cardiac Muscle
• Type of muscle found in heart
• Function: Contractions of the
atria and ventricle, causes
heart to pump blood
• Consist of cardiac myocytes
• Intercalated discs (between
myocytes) have 2 functions:
• - ‘sticks’ myocytes together so
they do not pull apart when
heart contracts
• -allows electrical connection
between the cells
• Similar to skeletal musclestriated w/ narrow dark and
light bands
• Similar to smooth musclenuclei centrally located
1. Cardiac Cell Muscle
2. Nuclei
3. Intercalated Discs
INTERNEURON
• Found only in the CNS which
includes the brain and spinal
cord
• Relays message from sensory
neurone to motor neurone
• Make up the brain and spinal
cord
• Organelles include: nucleus,
mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum, Golgi apparatus
Motor Neurons
Motor neurons are responsible for the contraction of groups
of muscle fibres (motor units) within the body
Motor neurons only control skeletal (voluntary) and smooth
(involuntary, eg. Intestinal) muscles and some glands, but
not cardiac muscles
A single motor neuron may be in control of hundreds of
muscle fibres
Motor neurons have all the same basic organelles that are found in other animal cells, but they
have a very different structure
Motor neurons have a special structure called a synapse that allows it to pass electrical signals
through it
Motor do not have any especially prevalent organelles, with one exception that is present in all
neurons
Motor neurons have a special organelle called a Nissl Body, which is a free floating, granular
endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes. The Nissl body is thought to be the site of
neurotransmitter production
Skeletal Cell
• The skeletal cell’s
function is the main
muscle component of the
body. It forms muscles
that are responsible for
movements of limbs and
posture.
• Mitochondria is prominent
because ATP is required
to make the muscle
move.
By Luke Robinson
MACROPHAG
ES
Macrophages are cells produced by the differentiation of monocytes in
tissues. Monocytes and macrophages are phagocytes. Macrophages
function in both non-specific defense (innate immunity) as well as help
initiate specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) of vertebrate
animals. Their role is to phagocytose, or engulf and then digest, cellular
debris and pathogens, either as stationary or as mobile cells. They also
stimulate lymphocytes and other immune cells to respond to pathogens.
They are specialized phagocytic cells that attack foreign substances,
infectious microbes and cancer cells through destruction and ingestion.
T- Cells
Hannah Hakes
• T cells are a type of
white blood cell. They
help the body`s immune
system by fighting
infection
• T cells can be found in
your blood and also in
lymph nodes.
• They have special T cell
receptors on their cell
membrane which help
fight infections