Transcript 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
KEY CONCEPT
Central nervous system - interprets information
peripheral nervous system - gathers and transmits
information.
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
The nervous system’s two parts work together.
• The CNS includes the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord.
• The PNS includes four systems of nerves.
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
• The CNS and PNS pass signals between one another.
– Sensory receptor generates impulse.
– PNS passes impulse to CNS.
– CNS interprets impulse.
– CNS passes impulse to PNS.
– PNS stimulates a response.
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
The CNS processes information.
• The brain has three parts.
– cerebrum controls
thought, movement,
emotion
– cerebellum allows for
balance
– brain stem controls
basic life functions
Brain
stem
midbrain
pons
medulla
oblongata
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
• The brain stem has three parts.
– midbrain controls some
reflexes
– pons regulates breathing
– medulla oblongata controls
heart function, swallowing,
coughing
midbrain
pons
medulla
oblongata
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
• The spinal cord controls reflexes.
– sensory neuron sends impulse to spinal cord
– spinal cord directs impulse to motor neuron
– does not involve the brain
interneuron
motor neurons
sensory neuron
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
The PNS links the CNS to muscles and other organs.
• The somatic nervous system regulates voluntary
movements.
• The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary,
functions
– sympathetic nervous
system: “fight vs. flight”
– parasympathetic
nervous system: calms
the body, conserves
energy
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
A. cerebellum-coordinates and regulates voluntary muscle
movement, balance, and posture.
b. Medulla oblongata- controls breathing, heart rate, and blood
pressure, connects to spinal cord
c. thalamus-switching area for sensory impact
d. hypothalamus- small are of mid-brain, controls secretions of the
pituitary gland
e. Corpus callosum- thick band of fibers joining the cerebral
hemisphere
f. pons-regulates breathing
g. Spinal cord-main nerve of the CNS extending down to brain
h. cerebrum- largest part of the brain coordinates voluntary
activities-thought, reasoning, and memory.
i. Pituitary gland-makes and releases hormones responsible for
growth and osmoregulation.
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
• Pineal body- small, grayish, cone-shaped, glandular
outgrowth from the brain of all vertebrates that produces
the hormone melatonin-serotonin levels can impact your
sleep cycle
• stimulates color change in the epidermis of amphibians
and reptiles
• Midbrain-
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems