Transcript Autonomic Nervous System Period 5 Jacquelene Hanein, Karina

Autonomic
Nervous System
Period 5
Jacquelene Hanein, Karina Guerrero, Martha Kwon
Central
Nervous System
● Processing center
of nervous system
● Receives and
sends info to PNS
● Made up of brain
and spinal cord
● Cannot heal itself
Peripheral Nervous System
● Connects CNS to
organs in body
● Carries signals
from the CNS
● Made up of two
different types of
cells
(sensory/motor
nervous cells)
● Can heal itself
Central Nervous System
Lobes and Hemispheres
● Brain: control system of body
o Forebrain:
 Thalamus +
hypothalamus
 Cerebrum
 Cerebral Cortex
Central NS Cont.
5 parts of the brain
o Midbrain
o Hindbrain
 Pons: connects cerebral cortex
to medulla oblongata
o Cerebellum: motor movement
coordination, balance/equilibrium,
muscle tone
o Medulla Oblongata: controls
autonomic functions like breathing,
digestion, circulatory system
function, swallowing, sneezing
Central NS Cont.
● Brainstem: connects
cerebrum with spinal cord
o relay of motor/sensory
signals between brain
and spinal cord
o Controls life supporting
autonomic functions of
PNS
● Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
The motor nervous system can be
separated into two nervous systems
● Autonomic nervous system
o Parasympathetic division
o Sympathetic Division
● Somatic nervous system
o Cranial Nerves: connect the
upper body and head
o Spinal Nerves: connect the rest
of the body
Reflex Arc
neural pathway that controls an action reflex
● Reflex action occurs:
○ involuntary, almost instantaneous
○ sensory neurons synapse at the spinal cord
● Nerve impulses enter sensory neuron
● Impulse allows afferent
neurons to connect with
motor neurons
○ to reach effectors and
initiate reflex
Reflex Arc: Autonomic arc
affects internal organs
ex) peristaltic contraction of smooth muscle of intestines
Reflex Arc: Somatic Arc
affects muscles
ex) knee jerk tests that a doctor gives
Reflex Arc
In the ANS there are two neuron efferent pathways:
Preganglionic neuron has to synapse into the postganglionic neuron before
stimulating the organ.
● Preganglionic neuron= ACh
o Sympathetic preganglionic neurons= shorter with more synapses
than parasympathetic
● Postganglionic neurons= norepinephrine
● Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons= ACh
Organization of ANS
● CNS + PNS = ANS
● Parasympathetic neurons: sacral region in spinal cord + medulla
oblongata, pons, brainstem, midbrain
● Sympathetic neurons: body of spinal cord
Neurotransmitters
Preganglionic Neurons
● Both cholinergic
Postganglionic Neurons
● Cholinergic vs Adrenergic
***some sympathetic neurons
can be cholinergic
(i.e. sweat glands, skin)
Receptors
If Cholinergic…
● muscarinic receptors
● nicotinic receptors
If Adrenergic…
● alpha receptor
● beta receptor
Termination of Neurotransmitters
● ACh broken down by AChE
● Norepinephrine deactivated by monoamine oxidase
Regulation of ANS
● Control centers in medulla oblongata
o cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory
● Hypothalamus
o regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, ion balance
● Limbic System & Cerebral Cortex
o emotional stress
Bibliography
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Klabunde, Richard E. "Adrenergic and Cholinergic Receptors in Blood Vessels." CV Physiology:. Richard E.
Klabunde, PhD, 23 Apr. 2014. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.
Klabunde, Richard E. "Autonomic Ganglia." CV Pharmacology. Richard E. Klabunde, PhD, 27 Jan. 2012. Web.
22 Apr. 2015.
Shier, David, Jackie Butler, and Ricki Lewis. "The Nervous System." Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology.
Eleventh Edition ed. New York: McGrawHill Higher Education, 2007. Print.
Upchurch, Jim. "Receptors and the Autonomic Nervous System." Receptors and the Autonomic Nervous
System. EMS1, 12 Oct. 2010. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.
"What Are Neurotransmitters?" What Are Neurotransmitters? Web. 22 Apr. 2015.
<https://www.neurogistics.com/TheScience/WhatareNeurotransmi09CE.asp>.
"Cerebral Cortex." MedicineNet. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.
<http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11490>.