Transcript - Trainers4u

LEARNING DISABILITY
CAUSES OF ACADEMIC UNDER
ACHIEVEMENT
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
SENSORY DEFICITS
POOR INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING
POOR MOTIVATION
DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS (LEARNING
DISORDER)
OTHER PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
FAMILY PATHOLOGY
L.D CONT….
Learning Disorder- ?
Learning Difficulty is not Primarily Due to:
VISUAL DIS ;
HEARING DIS;
MOTOR DIS; M.R;
OTHER PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS; CULTURAL /
ECONOMIC / ENVIRONMENTAL DISADVANTAGES
HISTORICAL ASPECTS

1887 – DYSLEXIA – MEANING BAD IN WORDS

1940 – STRAUSS – BRAIN INJURED CHILDREN

1960 – CLEMENTS – MINIMAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION

LATER – DYSLEXIA, DYSGRAPHIA DYSCALCULIA

1963 – PROF.SAMUEL KIRK – COINED THE TERM LEARNING DISABILITIES

FIRST TIME – IN AN EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

LATER – RENAMED – SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITIES
 PROF. KIRK
– ORIGINALLY DESCRIBED –
‘UNEXPECTED ACADEMIC UNDER
ACHIEVEMENT’
L.D CONT….
IMPAREMENT IN ONE OR MORE
FOLLOWING SEVEN CORE SKILLS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
OF
ORAL EXPRESSION
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
WRITTEN EXPRESSION
READING SKILLS
READING COMPREHENSION
MATHS- CALCULATION
MATHS REASONING
THE
NEURONS
NEURONS
Abnormal
neurodevelopmentCollection of more
unhealthy neurons
NEURONS
Errors of migration
NEURONS
Abnormal
synaptogenesis
NEURONS
Undeveloped neuron
L.D CONTD

LT BRAIN SKILLS
1. LOGICAL
MATHEMATICAL
INTELLIGENCE
2. LINGUISTIC
INTELLIGENCE

RT BRAIN SKILLS
1. MUSICAL
INTELLIGENCE
2. SPATIAL
INTELLIGENCE
3. BODILY –
KINESTHETIC
INTELLIGENCE
CHARACTERISTICS OF R.D
Generally reluctant for loud
reading
Repeating words, Spell out
letters, Omitting words, Difficulty
in pronouncing certain syllabus,
Ignoring punctuation etc..
SPELLING
Poor Reading Skill
Poor spelling
Spelling mistakes stem from errors
in memory & discrimination
(auditory & visual)
WRITING
oTool for communication
oSkill and means of self expression
L.D CONTD.
Errors
Slowness, Incorrect direction &
slanting poor spacing, illegible
letters, messiness, faulty holding &
pencil pressure
Mirror writing , Wrong position of
writing paper, Punctuation error,
Omission, Addition, Over writing etc…
L.D CONTD.
Arithmetics
Pre school
Difficulty in
sorting objects by size, matching
objects
Elementary school
Lack of
computational skill
L.D CONTD.
Middle & Upper grades:Problems with fractions, decimals,
measurements, additions, subtractions,
multiplications, divisions etc..
Wrong operation, errors in recalling,
defective algorithm, random response
etc..
Basically 3 Types of Learning
a)Visual
b)Auditory
c)Kinesthetic
L.D CONTD
Reading
1. Encourage loud reading –
Any error correct it then it self. Next
day repeat the same
2. Improve basic sight words.
L.D CONTD.
Writing
1.
2.
3.
4.
Square note book
Hand writing practice
Pencil grip
Behavioral chart to improve speed
ARITHMETIC
Games
 Weave maths into daily life
 Rhymes & songs
 Stories
 Tables - by heart

END OF SESSION - 1
L.D.CONTD
Comorbid Conditions
2. Famous persons with
Dyslexia
1.
COMORBID CONDITIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
ADHD
Other developmental disorders (M.C.D,
E.L.D)
Phobias
Anx. Dis.
Depression
Obsession
Childhood Neurotic traits
Epilepsy etc..
A.D.H.D
5
– 10% of children
50% - co-occurrence
Developmental Neuro Behavioral Dis.
Most researched area in child psychiatry
TRIAD OF SYMPTOMS
o In
attention
concentration
o Hyperactivity
o Impulsivity
Poor
In ability to sit still
Act before thinking
Famous persons with L.D
Albert Einstein:- Theory of Relativity
 Thomas Edison :- Electric bulb
Phonograph etc…
 Alexander Graham Bell – Telephone
 Richard Branson :- Adventurist
(Verginia Air ways)
 Walt Disney :- Cartoonist

Famous Dyslexics Contd.
Winston Churchil :- British P.M
(Historian, Artist, Author)
 George Washington :- U.S.President
 Jackie Stewart :- Grand Prix Driver
 Tom Cruise :- Actor
 Guy Ritchie :- Film Director
 Larry Baker: - Architect

DISABILITIES
BLINDNESS
o LOW VISION
o HEARING IMPAREMENT
o MOTOR DISABILITY
o M.R (Learning Disability U.K)
o CHRONIC MENTAL ILLNESS
o TREATED & CURED LEPROSY
o
L.D.Contd.
a)
b)
c)
d)
In India Learning Disorder is not a
disability included in P.D.Act 95.
So disability certificate (in %) cannot be
issued.
In U.K M.R = Learning Disability
Use international terminology - Learning
Disorder or Dyslexia.
Various Systems (School)
State – regular & open
2. NIOS
Acredited centres in every district.
Registration valid for 5 years
Credit accumulation, transfer etc…
Validity – 5years
3. CBSE . ICSE
All systems – Consider L.D
1.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
LD Children Fluctuate in their
Performance.
 Parents/ Teachers’ expectations should be
within their capabilities.
 Reduce distraction in study area.
 Cue the child to stay on task.

Set short goals
 Break long assignments into smaller parts.
 Avoid teaching at frustration level.
 Approach –interesting & motivating.
 Repetition is the mother of learning.

Acknowledge positive behavior.
 Parents – Be firm and consistent.
 Provide seat breaks.
 Practice attention / finger cordination.
 Look for skills, not skill deficits.

Parents, teachers & therapists work
together
 Consult mental health Professionals .
 Use medications when and where
required.

F C BY PARENTS
He has the ability, if he just tried harder
he could do it. He chooses not to do.
 If he would just pay attention, he would
get it.
 After I give instructions he sits there and
stares at his paper he is not motivated.


“IF I CAN’T FOLLOW THE COMMON
METHOD OF TEACHING, PLEASE HELP
ME TO FOLLOW THE SPECIAL STYLE”
LD Child
“EDUCATION IS THE MANIFESTATION
OF KNOWLEDGE ALREADY INHERENT
IN MAN.”
Swami Vivekananda