Transcript The Nervous and Integumentary Systems

Do Now:
If you were to touch a hot stove,
how does the message travel
from your hand to your brain?
Objectives:

Label the parts of the nervous system

Explain how the nervous system functions

Identify problems within the nervous system

Recall how to care for the nervous system

Job: Carries messages to and from the brain,
spinal cord, and all other parts of the body
 Tells the body how to respond to its environment.
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Divided into two parts:
 Central Nervous System
 Peripheral Nervous System

Central Nervous
System:
 Made up of the brain
and spinal cord.
▪ Brain: center for thinking
▪ Spinal cord: Thick band of
nerve cells that runs
through the backbone.

Peripheral Nervous
System:
 Made up of all the nerves
that branch out from the
spinal cord to the
muscles, skin, internal
organs, and glands.
▪ 12 Nerves branch out from
the brain
▪ 31 branch out from the
spinal cord
The brain receives
sensory messages,
interprets them, and
sends responses.
2. 12 pairs of Cranial
Nerves connect
directly to the brain.
They control the
senses and then
muscles in the head
and neck.
1.
The Spinal Cord is
made up of highly
organized nerve
tissue.
4. Spinal nerves branch
off from the spinal
cord and connect the
brain and the spinal
cord with specific
muscles and organs.
3.

Neurons are a single
nerve cell.
 Sensory neurons carry
messages from sense
organs to the spinal cord
and brain.
 Motor neurons carry
messages from the brain
and spinal cord and tell
your muscles and glands
what to do.
Brings information to
the cell body
Takes
information
away from the
cell body
Synapse – area
between nerve cells
Men’s brains, on average, are
smaller than women’s.
50%
ls
e
50%
Fa
2.
True
False
Tr
ue
1.
Approximately how many women who live to
at least 55 will go on to develop Alzheimer’s
disease, a disorder that causes severe
memory loss?
25% 25% 25% 25%
0 of 30
48
1
in
24
1
in
12
in
1
4.
6
3.
in
2.
1 in 6
1 in 12
1 in 24
1 in 48
1
1.
10
True or False? We use only 10
percent of our brains.
1.
2.
True
False
50%
50%
10
0 of 30
True
False
A person unable to recognize the melody
for the song “Happy Birthday” is most
10
likely suffering from which of the
following conditions?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Aphasia
Amusia
Lyssavirus
Munchausen
Syndrome
0 of 30
25%
25%
25%
25%
Aphasia
Amusia
Lyssavirus
Munchausen Syndrome
Which of the following is a gene thought to
play an important role in brain development?
1.
Sonic Hedgehog
25%
2.
Snoopy
25%
3.
Mario
25%
4.
None of the above
25%
0 of 30
:10
Albert Einstein’s brain was _____
the average adult male brain.
Slightly bigger
than
The same size as
Slightly smaller
than
1.
2.
3.
33% 33% 33%
n
th
a
al
le
r
si
z
sm
tly
sa
ig
h
Th
e
Sl
0
Sl
ig
h
tly
bi
g
m
e
ge
r
0
e
th
a
as
n
30
:10
True or false? If you cut into a person’s brain
while they are awake, they will feel pain.
1.
True
50%
2.
False
50%
0 of 30
10

The brain is a mass of nervous tissue with
three major parts.
 Cerebrum: Controls the senses, thought, speech,
and voluntary actions.
 Cerebellum: Coordinates muscle activity.
 Brain Stem: Connects the brain to the spinal cord.
▪ Medulla: Controls involuntary actions, like breathing.
Weighs about 3 pounds.
1.
What part of the brain helps a gymnast
maintain balance while doing a routine?
1.
Which part of the brain are you using to
answer this question?
2.
Which part keeps you alive? What does it
do?
1.
Cerebellum
2.
Cerebrum; because it controls thinking and
muscle movement
3.
The medulla; it controls breathing and heart
rate.


Our brain can “play tricks on us.”
http://www.brainbashers.com/opticalillusions
.asp
Right or Left Brained?
Take the test

Are you right or left brained?

Complete the sheet and find out 

Left Brain Functions:
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* Uses logic
* Detail oriented
* Facts rule*
Words and language*
Present and past*
Math and science*
Comprehension*
Knowing*
Acknowledges*
Order/pattern perception*
Knows object name*
Reality based*
Forms strategies*
Practical*
Safe

Right Brain Functions:
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* Uses feeling
* “Big picture” oriented
* Imagination rules*
Symbols and images*
Present and future*
Philosophy and religion*
Gets the “meaning”*
Believes*
Appreciates*
Spatial perception*
Knows object function*
Fantasy based*
Presents possibilities*
Impetuous*
Risk taking
Identifying Problems in the
Nervous System

MRI –magnetic resonance imaging
 Uses detection of radio frequency signals
produced by displaced radio waves in a magnetic
field.

EEG – electroencephalography
 Measures electrical activity of the brain with scalp
or brain electrodes
Identify Problems in the
Nervous System

PET – positron emission tomography
 Scanning method that detects radioactive
material that is injected or inhaled to produce an
image of the brain.

CT scan – computed tomography scan
 Brain scan that uses a series of X-ray beans passed
through the head
Nervous System Problems
Multiple Sclerosis (click for video)
• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable, often
disabling disease of the central nervous system that
disrupts the flow of information within the brain, and
between the brain and body.
• No single test can diagnose MS. The medical history,
neurologic exam and lab tests help physicians rule out
other diseases and confirm the MS diagnosis.
•
http://www.nationalmssociety.org/Symptoms-Diagnosis/Diagnosing-MS

Cerebral Palsy:
 Might be caused by:
▪ A head injury
▪ A defect or injury to the brain before or during childbirth
▪ Lead poisoning
▪ Unintentional injury
 Effects range from mild weakness in the arms and
legs to lack of muscle coordination, speech
impairment, and paralysis

Cerebral Palsy:

Picture from: http://www.thespasticcentre.org.au/about_cp/what_is_cp.htm

Meningitis:
 Infection of the membranes the cover the brain
and spinal cord
 Symptoms include fever, headache, and vomiting
 Can get vaccinated for some types
Picture from: http://www.hipusa.com/webmd/encyclopedia/
meningitis/index4.html

Epilepsy:
 An electrical firestorm (too much at one time)
 Marked by seizures
▪ Seizures: short periods of uncontrollable muscle activity
 May be caused by a small area of brain damage
 Epilepsy Foundation
▪ General information and statistics
NS Problems

Alzheimer’s Disease
 Memory loss, dementia, depression, social withdrawal
 2012 statistical information

Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
 Named after baseball player Lou Gehrig
 Weakness, paralysis, death of neurons in the motor cortex
and spinal cord
 Brain is great, message cannot get to muscles including
diaphragm
 Personal ALS story

Spinal Cord Injuries: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/sciprevention.htm
 Damage to the head, neck, or body can injure the
spinal cord.
 Severe weakness, loss of sensation, or paralysis
can result.

Head Injuries: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/tbi.htm
 Violent blow to the head can permanently
damage brain tissue, nerves, and blood vessels
surrounding the brain.
1.
2.
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4.
5.
Get plenty of sleep and rest.
Avoid alcohol and other drugs.
Use a seat belt when riding in a car.
Wear a helmet for sports.
Follow safety rules.