Transcript The Nervous System

The Nervous System
Responds and
Controls
What is the Nervous System?
Brain
Spinal Cord
Peripheral
Nerve
Sense Organs
• How are the sense
organs related to the
nervous system?
The Brain
[1]
[2]
 The brain has 3
main parts:
 Cerebral Cortex
(aka Cerebrum) [1];
 Cerebellum [2];
 Brain Stem [3].
[3]
Cerebral Cortex – The largest part of the brain
• The Cerebral
Cortex controls:
– Your thinking;
– Your memory;
– Your speaking;
– Your movements;
It identifies the
information
gathered by your
sense organs!
Each area of the cerebral cortex is
responsible for a specific function...
.
Cerebellum
• The Cerebellum
controls your
posture, balance
and voluntary
muscles;
• It contains about
half of the brain’s
neurons.
Brain Stem
• The brain stem
controls
digestion,
breathing and
heartbeat;
• It links the brain
to the spinal cord.
Neurons - Morphology
A neuron is a type
of cell that
processes and
transmits
information by
electrical and
chemical signaling
Neurons - Function
• Neurons are
connected
through synapses;
• Signals are
transmited through
a very complex
network.
Spinal Cord
• The spinal cord is a
long, thin, tubular
bundle of nervous
tissue that extends
from the brain;
• It rests in the middle
of the vetebrae.
BRAIN
TRANSPLANTS

“A brain transplant has already been
done on a monkey. Actually, it was a
whole head transplant, but the
purpose was to prove that a brain
could live in a new body. In 1970, Dr.
Robert White... took the head of one
monkey and surgically attached it to
another monkey. When the monkey
with the new head and brain woke up
after the surgery, it tried to bite the
finger of one of the doctors. It seemed
to be quite healthy and lived for eight
days”.
BRAIN
TRANSPLANTS
•
•
•
Do you think this story is true or false?
Do you believe this technique can be
applied to human beings? In what
circumstances?
Can monsters or chimeras be created
because of such a technique?
What factors can change Neurons
and their Synapses?
Accidents
Shocks
Age
Drugs
Genetics
The Nervous System is divided
into...
• Central Nervous
System (CNS);
• Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS).
Central Nervous System (CNS)
• Command center of
the body.
• It interprets incoming
sensory
information,
then
sends
out
instructions on how the
body should react.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• It is the part of the
nervous
system
outside of the CNS;
• It consists mainly of
nerves that extend
from the brain and
spinal cord to areas
in the rest of the
body.
Autonomic Nervous System
• “Fight or Flight
response”
– It conserves and
stores energy
(integrity);
– It responds quickly
to changes.
Voluntary Nervous System
• It monitors
movement and
functions that can
be controlled
consciously;
BRAIN IMPLANTS

“In the 1960s, a scientist named Jose
Delgado inserted a small radiocontrolled electrode into a bull’s brain.
Delgado then went out to face the bull,
much like a matador in a bull fight...
Just as the bull was ready to gore
Delgado, he flipped a switch on his
transmitter. Suddenly, the bull skidded
to a halt right in front of it. Delgado
knew the bull would stop. He had put
the electrode in an area of the bull’s
brain that controlled how aggressive...
the bull would be. When the transmitter
activated the electrode, it shut down
the aggressive part of the animal’s
brain. The bull no longer had any
interest in attacking him.”
BRAIN IMPLANTS
•
•
•
Do you think this story is true or false?
Do you believe this technique can be
applied to human beings? In what
circumstances?
Can people be brainwashed (controlled)
through an implant?
Remember that...
• Your
Science
test is on Dec
06th, don’t wait
till
the
last
minute to start
studying!!!