Transcript The Workings of Mind and Body

Unit 3
The Workings of Mind and Body
biofeedback
synapse
hypnosis
Matching
kinesthesis
The weakest amount of a stimulus that a person
can detect half the time – Absolute threshold
The gap that occurs between the axon terminals of
the sending neuron and the dendrites of the
receiving neuron – synapse
hormones
The sense that provides information about the
position and movement of individual body parts
– kinesthesis
neurotransmitters
meditation
Absolute threshold
Vestibular system
axon
Difference threshold
neuron
hormones
Matching
biofeedback
• The long, thin cells that constitute the structural and
functional unit of nerve tissue along which messages
travel to and from the brain – neuron
• A systematic narrowing of attention on an image,
thought, bodily process, or external object with the
goal of clearing one’s mind and producing relaxation –
Meditation
• Three semicircle canals located in the inner ear that
provide the sense of balance – Vestibular system
• The process of learning to control bodily states with
the help of feedback from specialized machines – biofeedback
neurotransmitters
Vestibular system
meditation
meditation
Absolute threshold
Difference threshold
hormones
Matching
hypothesis
• The chemicals released by neurons, which determine
the rate at which other neurons fire – Neurotransmitters
• An assumption or prediction about behavior or an
educated guess about the relationship between two
variables that is tested through scientific research- Hypothesis
• The smallest change in physical stimulus that can be
detected between two stimuli – Difference threshold
• A single, threadlike structure within the neuron that
extends from and carries signals away from the cell body
to neighboring neurons, organs, or muscles – Axon
• Chemical substances produced by the endocrine glands
that carry messages through the body in blood and
regulate specific body functions – hormones
Neurotransmitters
synapse
axon
Completion
• Controls the conscious thinking
processes – Cerebrum
• The information-processing center
that controls the higher brain
functions, such as reading and
problem solving – Cerebral cortex
• Controls functions such as hunger,
thirst, and sexual behavior – hypothalamus
• Visual receptor cells in the retina
that are sensitive to light but not
color – rods
• Visual receptors that are adapted
for color vision, daytime vision, and
detailed vision – cones
Completion
• Perceptions that misrepresent physical stimuli –
illusions
• The stimulation of sensory receptors and the
transmission of sensory information to the brain
– sensation
• The ability to notice stimuli that affect only the
unconscious mind – Subliminal perception
• The ability to recognize distances and three
dimensionality, develops in infancy – Depth perception
Multiple Choice
1. What parts are part of the brain?
a. cerebellum
b. medulla
c. pons
d. all of the above
2. A sleep disorder characterized by recurring problems in
falling asleep or staying asleep is…
a. Sleep apnea
b. Narcolepsy
c. Insomnia
d. nightmares
3. This disorder can be healed by having a “split brain”
operation.
a. nightmares
b. hallucinations
c. insomnia
e. epilepsy
Multiple Choice
1.
What is not a theory for why people sleep?
a. to allow people to restore their energy
b. because they are bored
c. to conserve energy
d. to clear our minds of useless information
2. Which one is not a cue for depth perception?
a. monocular
b. illusions
c. motion parallax
d. binocular
3. A potent psychedelic drug that produces distortions of
perception and thought is…
a. LSD
b. alcohol
c. opiates
d. marijuana
Short Answers
1. Describe how the peripheral nervous
system controls voluntary and involuntary
activities. (p.156)
The peripheral system is broken down into Somatic
and Autonomic Systems, the somatic system controls
voluntary muscles, autonomic controls involuntary
muscles. The autonomic is broken down into
sympathetic which expends energy and the
parasympathetic which conserves energy.
2. What are the Gestalt
principles of perception?
Describe each principle.
(p.224)
Proximity-when we see a number of
similar objects, we tend to perceive
them as groups or sets
Similarity-when similar and similar objects
are mingled, we see the similar objects
as groups
Closure-when we see a familiar pattern or
shape with some missing parts, we fill
in the gaps
Continuity-we tend to see continuous
patterns, not disrupted ones
Simplicity- we see the simplest shapes
possible