Transcript Nervous System PPT notes

Week #2 (1/13 – 1/17)
Warm Up – Mon, 1/13:
- Complete #2, 4 & 5 on A & P of NS Packet
Anatomy Fun Fact:
In a child developing inside
the womb, neurons grow at
the rate of 250,000
neurons per minute.
Agenda:
1.
Continue Nervous System notes
- Nervous tissue
2. Intro to NS Review activity
Have out:
Nervous System
notes
A & P of NS Packet
Homework:
1.
How Fear Works
paper towel
poster
assignment –
Tues, 1/14
2. Intro to NS Quiz
(Reflex Arc,
Organization &
Nervous Tissue) –
Wed, 1/15 &
Thurs, 1/16
3. Organization of
the NS Latin
Quiz – Fri, 1/17
Gray matter
White matter
Central Canal
• Made up primarily of 2
types of cells:
▫ Neurons (nerve cells)
▫ Supporting cells
 CNS - neuroglia
 PNS – satellite cells,
Schwann cells
REVIEW: Functional Classification
• Neurons are grouped according to the direction in which
the nerve impulse travels relative to the CNS
• Based on this, there are sensory, motor & association
neurons
▫ Sensory – transmit impulses
from skin or other organs
toward CNS
▫ Motor – carry impulses away
from CNS to effector organs
▫ Association (interneurons) –
lie between motor & sensory
neurons
• First let’s have a look at the functional &
structural unit of the NS…the neuron
• Function: Specialized to conduct information from one part
of the body to another
• Many different types of neurons
•
• Most have certain structural &
functional characteristics:
- Cell body (soma)
- One or more specialized, slender
processes (axons & dendrites)
- Input region (dendrites & soma/
body)
- Conducting (“sending”)
component (axon)
- Secretory/output
region (axon terminal)
Neuron (Nerve Cell)
Structure
• Made up of a cell bodies,
dendrites & axons
• Cell body (or soma)
▫ Contain large nucleus &
rough E.R. (site of protein
synthesis)
▫ Most located within CNS (protected by bones of skull &
vertebral column)
▫ Collection in CNS is called “nuclei” whereas in PNS they
are called “ganglia”
Neuron (Nerve Cell) Structure
• Dendrites
▫ Short, thin, highly branched
receptive regions of nerve
cell
 Increase surface area of neuron
to increase ability to communicate
with other neurons
▫ Convey incoming message
toward the cell bodies through
the use of graded
potentials – similar to action
potentials (AP)
Neuron
(Nerve Cell)
Structure
• Axon: Each neuron
has only one
▫ Impulse generating &
conducting region of neuron
▫ Convey AP (info) away from the cell body toward end of
axon
 Originates from a special region of the cell body called the axon
hillock
 Axon terminal/synaptic knob – end of axon which contains
synaptic vesicles (membranous bags of neurotransmitters)
 Arrival of AP at axon terminal/synaptic knob causes NTs to be
released
Myelin Sheath of the
Axon
• Whitish, fatty protein layer
• Serves to protect & electrically
insulate axon
• Increases the speed of
transmission of nerve impulses
(up to 150 times faster)
• Only associated with axons, not
dendrites
• Neurilemma: outmost covering
of the axon (surrounds Myelin
sheath)
Neurons - a Microscopic Look
Where is/are the…?
•
•
•
•
Soma – cell body
Nucleus
Dendrites
Axons
The Supporting Neural Tissue –
Neuroglia (CNS)
• Neural tissue within CNS & PNS
differ greatly
• Outnumber neurons by about
10 to 1
▫ Eistein (& others) had an
inordinate amount of them
• CNS has 4 different types of
supporting cells (neuroglia)
▫ Abundant & diverse
▫ Limited knowledge of each
function due to difficulty in
isolating individual cells
Nervous System
Review Activity
• In your new lab groups,
▫ Discuss & complete answers to the specific section of the A & P of
Animal Nervous System wkst assigned to you & then share out the
information with your group.
• As we share out our sections, others should be listening
& writing answers.
• Palm Tree: Section 3 (#1-6)
▫ This wkst is your STUDY GUIDE
for Nervous System Quiz #1!
• Money: Section 3 (#7-12)
• Hockey Smilie: Section 7
• Butterfly: Section 10
Week #2 (1/13 – 1/17)
Warm Up – Tues, 1/14:
- Review of a Reflex Arc & Structure of the
Neuron
Anatomy Fun Fact:
By the time of its birth, a baby's brain
consists of
around 10 million
nerve cells.
Agenda:
1.
Gruesome medical procedures movie
Turn in:
How Fear Works
paper towel poster
assignment – Lab 6
Pick up:
4 different colored
pencils?
Homework:
1.
Intro to NS Quiz
(Reflex Arc,
Organization &
Nervous Tissue) –
Wed, 1/15 &
Thurs, 1/16
2. Organization of
the NS Latin
Quiz – Fri, 1/17
Warm-up: A Reflex Arc
(soma)
• Identify/label:
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
Dendrites
Cell body (soma)
Nucleus of the neuron
Axon
Myelin sheath
Neurilemma (axon outer covering)
Terminal endings/axon terminals
Synaptic knobs
• Color-code the following:
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
Axon
Dendrites
Cell body
Myelin sheath
Neurilemma
Terminal ending/axon terminals/
synaptic knobs
Medical Procedures & the Brain
• How do we know about the brain, its regions,
parts & functions?
• How have we been able to diagnose problems
within the nervous system?
• Where & how did the first medical
procedures investigating the nervous system
occur?
• Gruesome medical procedures movie
Week #2 (1/13 – 1/17)
Warm Up – Wed, 1/15 & Thurs, 1/16:
- Review: Nervous System Song
Have out:
Nervous System
handouts
Anatomy Fun Fact:
There are 43 different pairs nerves which
connect the CNS to
every part of our
body. Twelve of these
nerve pairs are
connected to the
brain, while the
other 31 are
connected to the spinal cord.
Agenda:
1. Intro to NS Quiz
2. Begin Reflex Lab (5I)
Homework:
1.
Organization of
the NS Latin
Quiz – Fri, 1/17
2. Complete V/K
part of Reflex
Lab (if needed) –
Fri, 1/17
3. Reflex Lab
Abstract (5I) –
Fri, 1/24
Nervous System
Review
• Nervous System Song
• How quick are YOU?!
• This lab will
investigate various
involuntary reflexes
you have…
▫ What significance do
reflexes have for humans?
▫ What kinds of reflexes are
there?
▫ How does neuron
communication play a role
in reflexes?
• What is the significance of reflexes?
• What is a synapse? What function does it have in
neural communication?
• What tissues does the Autonomic NS control? Somatic?
• What is a
monosynaptic reflex?
Polysynaptic reflex?
Science of NHL Hockey - Reflexes & Reaction
Times (~3.5 mins)
Are the following examples of Mono- or
Polysynaptic Reflexes?
▫ Sneezing?
▫ Patellar knee jerk?
▫ Honking the car horn after
almost being hit?
▫ Catching a baseball coming at
your face?
▫ Pupil dilation when in a dark
place?
▫ Jumping after hearing a book
slam on the floor?
▫ Blinking?
There are 12 sets of “Cranial Nerves”
extending from the brain to location within
the head.
EXAMPLE QUESTIONS:
1. Which cranial nerves
induce the sneeze reflex?
2. Are these cranial nerves
sensory, motor or a
combination of both?
EXAMPLE
QUESTIONS:
1. Which cranial
nerve induces the
sneeze reflex?
Olfactory nerve (I)
2. Is this cranial
nerve a sensory,
motor or a
combination of
both?
Sensory nerve
MUST read procedures for each test! Visual/Kin = online: leave for last, can do at home, if needed; do 1 Smell Test
• In your new lab groups,
▫ Work together to complete each of the Reflex tests (you may have to
pair up within the group).
▫ Each group will need to turn in (for Lab Credit) 1 piece of paper
(staple more if needed) with EVERYONE’S NAME on it with your
groups’ DATA & ANSWERS (in complete
sentences) to the FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS
after each test!
▫ You will have today’s & tomorrow’s period to
finish the tests.
▫ When finished with a test, put EVERYTHING
back in the tub & move on to another station!
▫ If you writing this lab as an Abstract, make sure you take down your
groups’ data & answers to questions!
Nervous System Quiz #1
• There are 2 sides so
complete both!
• No talking during Quiz!
• When finished, turn into
the Hmwk Turn-in Bin!
• Move QUIETLY back to
the lab with your Reflex
Lab handout & data
collection paper!
Week #2 (1/13 – 1/17)
Warm Up – Fri, 1/17:
- Intro to NS Latin Review
Anatomy Fun Fact:
The concept of classical conditioning is studied by every
entry-level psychology student, so it may be surprising to
learn that the man who noted this phenomenon was not a
psychologist. Ivan Pavlov
was a Russian physiologist
who won the 1904 Nobel
Prize for his work studying
digestive processes. While
studying digestion in dogs,
Pavlov noted an interesting
occurrence – his canine
subjects would salivate
whenever an assistant entered the room.
Agenda:
1.
2.
NS Latin Quiz #1
Finish & discuss Reflex Lab & Abstract
Have out:
Nervous System
notes
Reflex Lab info
Homework:
1.
Reflex Lab
Abstract (5I) –
Fri, 1/24
Nervous System (Organization)
Latin Roots
• Neuri/a/o – ???
▫ Word?
• Re – ???
▫ Word?
• Soma – ???
• Auto – ???
▫ Word?
• Moto – ???
▫ Word?
• Ax(o) – ???
▫ Word?
• Pre – ???
▫ Word?
• In your lab groups,
▫ 20 mins –
 Share out any data that was gathered at home (V/K Test)
 Complete ANY remaining tests
 Complete your group’s answers to ALL FOLLOWUP QUESTIONS (in complete sentences)!
▫ When finished with a test,
 Clean your station by putting EVERYTHING
back in the tub,
 Turn in your group’s Reflex Lab data/answers to the
Hmwk Bin!
 Return to the front & begin working on Ch. 14 Tour (Brain) .
▫ If you writing this lab as an Abstract, make sure you take down your
groups’ data & answers to questions!
Analysis Questions:
1. Explain your observations of the Patellar reflex using your knowledge
of a Reflex Arc. Did each group member have the reflex? Do you
think the patellar reflex is a monosynaptic or polysynaptic reflex arc?
Back your answer up.
2. Describe the Reflex Arc involved in the direct Pupillary Light Reflex &
Consensual Pupillary Light Reflex. Label each component with
specific organ names. What cranial nerves play a role in this reflex?
Identify them by name & Roman Numeral.
3. Explain the protective function of Pupillary Light Reflex & Uvular
Reflex (be specific).
Analysis Questions:
4. Describe which division of the peripheral nervous system (ANS or
SNS) are employed for each reflex (Patellar, Visual/kinesthetic,
Uvular & Pupillary)? Defend your answers.
5. Describe the differences of neural communication between the ANS &
SNS neuron systems (monosynaptic? polysynaptic?)
6. Discuss the accuracy of your smell sense. Which sense is more
accurate without the assistance of sight…smell or taste? Scientifically
explain your answer.
7.
Investigate & discuss thoroughly, using A & P
terminology, 1 additional reflex most humans
have, not investigated during the lab.
- Must provide a Works Cited page in MLA.
The End
▫ DUE: Fri, 1/24
• Title Page: Title of Lab, Name, Date, Period
• Data & Observations:
▫ Data Table with collected Reflex test info for each of
your group members
• Conclusions & Applications:
▫ Answers to Analysis Questions 1-7 (in paragraph form)
▫ Case Study: Actual application in which reflex has
helped keep someone alive/healthy
 MLA Works Cited