Transcript “Put that in the Form of a Question, Please!”

Nervous System
Jeopardy
Test Review
Game
Brain
Neurons
Senses
Senses 2
HodgePodge
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The largest part of the
brain (divided into left
and right hemispheres)
and four lobes in each
hemisphere.
What is the cerebrum
The part of the brain that
controls involuntary
actions and contains
three parts: midbrain,
pons, medulla
oblongata)?
What is the brain stem?
It directs most incoming
sensory signals to the
proper regions of the
cerebral cortex (ex:
vision to occipital lobe
and speech to the
frontal lobe)
What is the thalamus?
This part of the brain
controls muscle
coordination and
balance by receiving
sensory impulses form
muscles, joints, and
sensory organs.
What is the cerebellum?
This structure is part of
the brain stem that
relays communications
between the cerebral
hemispheres and the
cerebellum?
What is the pons?
These are the three
major categories of
neurons.
What are:
1)Sensory (messages from
sensory receptors to CNS),
2)Motor (messages from CNS
to muscles and glands)
3)Interneurons (connection
between neurons)?
These are the three
parts of a neuron and
their general functions.
What are:
a)dendrites: receive
message from neuron
b)cell body: control center
for neuron/contains nucleus
and organelles
c)axon: sends electrical
impulse/message away
from cell body
The period in which a
neuron cannot send a
signal
What is the refractory
period?
This is the main
difference between a
neuron at “resting
potential” and one
undergoing an “action
potential”
What is during resting potential,
a neuron is more negative on the
inside (Na+ ions more prevalent
on outside).
When in action potential, polarity
switches and cell becomes more
positive on inside as ion channels
open up and Na+ ions flood in?
This is
a)where neurotransmitters
are released from and
b)how neurotransmitters
either deliver (or not) the
electrical impulse to the
postsynaptic neuron.
What is
a)neurotransmitters are
released into synaptic cleft
from the axon terminal and
b)they open ion channels to
allow the ions to flood in and
change the polarity of the cell
(to take it out of resting
potential).
These are three of the
four structures light
must pass through
before reaching the
retina.
What is a)cornea (thin,
protective layer over eye),
b)pupil (“hole” changes in
size with amount of light),
c)iris (gives you eye color),
and d)lens (adjusts size with
muscles to properly focus
light on the retina)
The coiled, snail-shaped
tube consisting of three
fluid-filled chambers that
deliver the vibration to
the hair cells.
What is the cochlea?
The innermost, lightsensitive layer of the
eye.
What is the retina?
These are the retinal
photoreceptors that
allow you to see colors
What are cones?
Muscles attached to the
“this structure” adjust its
size and allow it to bend
the rays of the incoming
light (to adjust correctly
on the retina).
What is the lens?
Specialized
chemoreceptors called
______are located in the
mucous lining of the
epithelium of nasal
passages.
What are Olfactory
receptors?
This is the first structure
of the ear to vibrate
What is the tympanic
membrane?
These sensory receptors
are located throughout
the interior of the body
and at the base of the
epidermis.
What are pain receptors?
Balance is maintained by
mechanoreceptors in the
three fluid-filled
___________of the
inner ear.
What are semicircular
canals?
This is the region of the ear
that separates the middle
ear from the inner ear.
What is the oval
window.
This is an automatic
response of the body that
occurs very rapidly and
without conscious control.
(Ex. Kneejerk)
What is a reflex?
This is the reason a
reflex occurs so quickly
and automatically.
The message bypasses
the brain (only goes to
the spinal cord).
In terms of sensory
receptors,
_____respond to
variations in light, but
______respond to
changes in temperature.
What are:
Photoreceptors,
thermoreceptors?
A characteristic of a drug
addiction in which a
larger and larger amount
of drug is needed to
achieve the desired
sensation
What is tolerance?
The type of
neurotransmitter that
cocaine “messes” with by
blocking the presynaptic
reuptake channels.
What is dopamine?
More Brain
More
Neurons
More
Senses
Even More
Senses
Oddballs
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The part of the brain
that maintains
homeostasis and controls
hormone production.
What is the
hypothalamus?
The CNS constantly
interacts with the _____
via 12 pairs of cranial
nerves that connect the
brain with the head and
neck
What is the PNS?
The ______ ____ lies
throughout the brain stem
and is a network of neurons
that controls respiration and
circulation and helps
separate signals that are
important from
unimportant.
What is the Reticular
formation?
One of the divisions of the
the PNS is the _____that
contains motor neurons that
direct the movement of
skeletal muscles; it is a
voluntary system
What is the somatic
nervous system?
The division of the
autonomic nervous
system that helps in
“fight or flight.”
What is the sympathetic
divsion?
This is the reason the
neuron becomes more
positively charged during
an action potential.
What is neurotransmitters
are released into the
synapse, opening ion
channels, so Sodium can
flood through the ion
channels and change the
polarity of the cell?
This type of neuron is
found only in the brain
and spinal cord (they
form interconnections
between neurons)
What are interneurons?
This type of neuron
receives messages from
receptors like
thermoreceptors and
pain receptors and sends
the message toward the
CNS.
What are sensory
neurons?
This insulates the neuron
which speeds up the
transmission of action
potentials along the
axon.
What is the myelin sheath?
State the 5 step path of
a nerve impulse.
What is: receptor, sensory
neuron, interneuron, motor
neuron, muscle/gland
Another name for the
tympanic membrane
What is the eardrum?
This part controls the air
pressure beyond the
tympanic membrane
What is the Eustachian
tube?
Carries visual
information in the form
of action potentials from
the retina to the
thalamus (which then
gets transferred to
occipital lobe of
cerebrum)
What is the optic nerve?
This structure is
pigmented and controls
the size of the eye’s
opening.
What is the iris?
There are 10000 of
these chemoreceptors
embedded between
bumps called papillae on
the tongue, on the roof
of the mouth and in your
throat.
What are taste buds?
The ______that line the
cochlea are delicate and
cannot be regenerated. They
are usually damaged by loud
noises. They take the
vibration and send electrical
impulse to brain through
auditory nerve
What are hair cells?
_____, which is the
inability to distinguish
certain colors, is caused
by faulty or missing
cones.
What is colorblindness?
Seeing:Photoreceptors::
Hearing :: ______
What are
mechanoreceptors?
(sense movement/vibrations)
Hearing is a physical or
chemical sense.
(Choose correct
answer)
What is a physical
sense?
This is the tube-like
structure that carries sound
waves from the external ear
to the tympanic membrane.
What is the auditory
canal?
Cocaine is a highly
addictive ______, a drug
that generally increases
the activity of the CNS.
What is a stimulant?
Alcohol is a _______, a
drug that decreases the
activity of the CNS
What is a depressant?
______is a major drug
found in tobacco that
mimics the action of the
neurotransmitter,
acetylcholine.
What is nicotine?
At a normal synapse,
dopamine is reabsorbed
by ________found on
the presynaptic cell.
What are Reuptake
channels
4 of the 6 categories of
psychoactive drugs
What are: stimulants,
depressants, inhalants,
narcotics, hallucinogens,
and THC?