Transcript Department of Anatomy ppt

Taste and olfaction
Morfology and embryology
Organum gustatorium
Taste apparatus
Gemma gustatoria (Caliculus
gustatorius) = taste bud
Porus gustatorius
Tongue, soft palate, valeculae,
epiglottis
Taste pathway – 3 neurons
Gemma gustatoria
taste bud
Development during 11. – 13. week
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Cells penetrate from chorda tympani, n. IX, and n.
X
Reaction with fastened swallowing and mimics
(26.týden)
Three types of cells – totally 100 - 150
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taste cells. (epiteliocytus gustatorius) – microvilli
3 types of cells
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Secondary receptors (type I)
Epitheliocytus sensorius gustatorius type II and III
Supportive cells (epiteliocytus sustenans)
basal cells (epiteliocytus basalis) – type IV
Gustus = taste
Basic taste
sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami
(sodium glutamate)
 other (fat)
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Each bud percieves all tastes
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Located on p. vallate, foliate and
fungiformae
Projection → ascending → Sensory
taste path
3 – neuronal path
1.
neuron:
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2.
3.
Soft pallate  nn. palatini minores  ganglion pterygopalatinum (! w/o
interpolation !)  n. petrosus major  ganglion geniculi  n.
intermedius  nucleus tractus solitarii
ventral 2/3 tongue (= dorsum linguae)  n. lingualis  chorda tympani
 n. intermedius  nucleus tractus solitarii
dorsal 1/3 tongue (= radix linguae)  n. IX  ganglion inf. et sup. n. IX
 nucleus tractus solitarii
epiglottis, aditus laryngis  n. X  ganglion inf. et sup. n. X. 
nucleus tractus solitarii
neuron: nucleus tractus solitarri  thalamus (nucleus ventralis
posteromedialis), to motor nuclei of cn, RF
neuron: thalamus  brain cortex /lobus parietalis - area 43, gyrus
postcentralis/ and anterior insulay, gyrus parahippocampalis and
habenula
ncl. parabrachialis  limbic cortex of telencephalon (shortcut bypass
thalamus)
Organum oflactorium
Čichové ústrojí
čichová sliznice v nosní dutině
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strop, horní skořepa a stěny
5 cm2
čichový epitel
čichová dráha (n.I)
6-8 cilias, 107 bipolar neurons,
regio olfactoria=4-6 cm2
Olfactory epithelium
cca 13. – 15. week – differentiation of epithelium
Four types of cells
 Basal cells (Epitheliocytus basalis)
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Unmature cells („globose cells“)
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Mature cells (Epitheliocytus neurosensorius olfactorius) –
cilie, axon
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Primary receptor
Supportive cells (Epitheliocytus sustenans) – nuclei apically
Olfactory glands – Bowman
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Serous secret, odorant-binding protein, IgA
Preparát 96 / A1
Pheromonal substances
in male (better known)
Androstenol – create sexual
appetite in female
Androstenol is brought down by
axillary Corynebacterium to
androstenon that is aversive (urea)
Androstenon – creates sexual
aversion in females
Pheromones in female?
Androstadion?
5 ovulatory fatty
acids? (release during
ovulation)
Evidence:
Synchro females
cycles and its higher
frequency if living
together
(In Berlin center for
human etology)
Projection → ascending → Sensory
Olfactory path
2 - neurons
1.
2.
neuron: neuroepithelial cells in pars olfactoria cavitatis
nasi  fila olfactoria pass via lamina cribrosa ossis
etmoidalis into skull cavity
neuron: mitral cells in bulbus olactorius  tractus
olfactorius  trigonum olfactorium  gyri olfactorii med. et
lat. (= former stria)  two principal direction:
limbic system - corpus amygdaloideum + lobus temporalis
(uncus gyri parahippocampalis, area entorhinalis /area
28/, periamygdalar cortex, prepiriform cortex) and from
here to hypothalamus and insula
nuclues mediodorsalis thalami - orbitofrontal cortex /area
11, (12,47)/