Transcript HL Periodicity

HL Periodicity
Trends of the periodic table
Periodicity

What are period 3 chlorides like?



The start of period 3 makes giant ionic
compounds.
Al on makes molecular covalent.
The ionic compounds are conductors, the Al
compound is poor and the rest are nonconducting.
Periodicity

What happens when the period 3 chlorides
react with water?



The ionic compounds are hydrated.
Aluminum becomes a complex ion (ligand).
Si and P create HCl and phosphoric acid.
Periodicity

What does chlorine do in water?



Chlorine creates HCl and HOCl.
This is called disproportionation because Cl is
oxidized and reduced.
HOCl breaks down into HCl and oxygen.
Periodicity

What are the characteristics of the d-block
elements?



As the d-block fills, there are electrons available
for other functions (create colors).
The atomic radii are curious, also.
Based on electron config.
Periodicity

What are the properties of d-blockers?

They are:





Conductive
Solids
Malleable
Ductile
Metal characteristics
Periodicity

Why do the oxidation numbers vary so
much?



They vary due to the d-sublevel electrons free to
bond.
Sc and Zn have only 1 oxidation state so are not
real transition metals
They all have 2 and 3 states and pyramid up to 7
at Mn
Periodicity

What are ligands?


Ligands are complex ions formed by dative bonds
(coordinate covalent) with an element with extra
electron pairs.
The coordination number tells the number of
dative bonds and helps show shape.
Periodicity

Why do d-block elements create color?

The electrons absorb light as it passes through.