Transcript Brain anatomy

THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
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GENETIC FACTORS
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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
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THE BRAIN
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THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION
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NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
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PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY
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INTEGRATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
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THE NEUROSCIENCE
REVOLUTION
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Neuroanatomy
Neuropathology
Neurochemistry
Neuropharmacology
Neuropsychology
THE NEURON
Types of Neurons
Communication
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Neurons “fire”
Action Potential releases
neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters cross
the synaptic cleft and bind
to the post-synaptic
membrane of the
neighboring neuron(s)
Excitatory or inhibitory
The circle of events
continues…
The network of neural cells
is highly specialized
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http://www.morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/specimens.html
Purkinje Cell
• Main players in the cerebellum
• Long Distance Connections
• Most number of connections
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The Brain
BROCA’S AREA FOR SPEECH
BRAIN AT 15
WEEKS
GESTATION
BRAIN AT 32
WEEKS
GESTATION
cerebellum
pons
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Medulla
 Breathing
 Heart rate
regulation
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Pons
 Reticular formation
• Sleep
• Arousal
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Cerebellum
 Many fine folds;
large surface area
 Muscle movement
& muscle tone
 Balance
 Some learning &
memory
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Hindbrain
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Midbrain
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Medulla
Reticular
formation
Cerebellum
Dopamine
produced
Relay of visual
and auditory
signals
Forebrain
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Diencephalon
• Hypothalamus
• thalamus
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Telencephalon
• cortex
Divisions of the Brain
THE BRAIN
Diencephalon
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Thalamus
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“relay station” for
sensory information
(except smell)
• Directs sensory signals to
appropriate areas of
cortex
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Hypothalamus
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Involved in motivated
behavior (feeding,
drinking, sex)
Regulates the internal
environment of the body
• Fight-or-flight response
• Endocrine System
• Temperature Control
LIMBIC LOBE GRAPHIC OVERLAY
Limbic System
Hippocampus
(blue)
(purple)
Basal Ganglia
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Initiates Movement
 e.g., walking
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Gross motor
control
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Many smaller
structures
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Affected in
Parkinson’s
Sensorimotor Cortex, Left
Hemisphere
OLFACTORY
TRACT
BRAIN IMAGING
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COMPUTERIZED AXIAL
TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(MRI)
MAGNETIC RESONANCE
SPECTROSCOPY (MRS)
SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
(SPECT)
POSITRON EMISSION
TOMOGRAPHY (PT)
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
(PT SCAN)
PET SCAN NORMAL AND PARKINSON’S DISEASE