Transcript Chapter 8 Muscle Review

Chapter 8
Muscle Review
Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles
within…
a.Myofibrils
b.Motor units
c.Motor end plate
d.Motor nerve ending
The synaptic vesicles contain…
a.Acetylcholine
b.Calcium ions
c.Myoglobin
d.actin
The process by which a motor neuron
releases acetylcholine is
a.Exocytosis
b.Simple diffusion
c.Active transport
d.filtration
What structures meet at the
neuromuscular junction?
a.T-tubules and the sarcoplasmic
reticulum
b.The sarcolemma and the Ttubules
c.The axon of the motor neuron and
the sarcolemma
d.The axon of the motor neuron
and myosin
The enzyme cholinesterase causes
acetylcholine to…
a.Bind to actin
b.Be secreted
c.Decompose
d.Form crossbridges
The time following a stimulus when a
muscle is unable to respond…
a.Refractory period
b.Relaxation period
c.Latent period
d.Summation
Not in notes check over in book.
Amount of oxygen required to convert
lactic acid to glucose.
a.Refractory period
b.Oxygen debt
c.Anaerobic respiration
d.Aerobic respiration
A motor unit includes
a.Muscle fibers only
b.Motor neurons only
c.Several motor neurons and one
muscle fiber
d.Several muscle fibers and one motor
neuron
one
several
Creatine phosphate serves to
a.Cause the decomposition of ATP
b.Cause the decomposition of ADP
c.Supply energy for the synthesis of
ATP
d.Supply energy for the change of ATP
to ADP
The all-or-none response means…
a.All the muscles in a region
contract together
b.All of the muscle fibers/cells within
a muscle contract together
c.When a muscle fiber contracts, it
contracts completely
Rigor mortis occurs because of
a.Excessive ATP, which prevents
muscle relaxation
b.Lack of ATP, which prevents muscle
relaxation (no ATP to release
crossbridge between actin & myosin)
c.Excessive ATP which causes muscle
contraction
The botulinus toxin that causes botulism
acts by
a.Preventing the release of acetylcholine
b.Promoting the release of acetylcholine
c.Causing acetylcholine to be
decomposed
d.Preventing the decomposition of
acetylcholine
Smooth muscle is found
a.Attached to bones
b.Lining hollow organs and tubes
c.In the wall of the heart
Muscle tissue that is striated and
involuntary
a.Skeletal
b.Smooth
c.Cardiac
d.Both cardiac and smooth
A muscle cramp is likely due to a lack
of
a.Actin
b.Myosin
c.ATP
d.ADP
Which of the following is the smallest
a.Myofilament
b.Myofibril
c.Myofiber
d.fascicle
Myofibril is the organelle within the
muscle cell/fiber and the myofilaments
(actin & myosin) are the proteins within
the myofibril.
Multiunit smooth muscle
a.Is composed of sheets of muscle
cells
b.Tends to display rhythmicity
c.Occurs in the walls of the stomach
and intestines
d.None of these
a, b, & c are all characteristics of
visceral smooth muscle.
Striations are seen in…
a.Osseous tissue
b.Smooth muscle
c.Skeletal muscle cells
d.Tendons and ligaments
Striations
Branching muscle cells with a single
nucleus/cell and intercalated disks
are found in…
a.Skeletal muscle
b.Cardiac muscle
c.Smooth muscle
Thick myofilament
a.Actin
b.Myosin
Myoglobin…
a.Stores oxygen in the muscle
tissue
b.Binds to actin to shorten the
myofibrils
c.Stores ATP
d.Separates one sarcomere from
another
Connective tissue that separates the
fascicles in skeletal muscle is called
the
a.Epimysium
b.Endomysium
c.Perimysium
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
Muscle
fiber
Connective components
of muscle organ
Fascicle
The sarcolemma is the
a.Storage site for calcium
b.Cell membrane of a myofiber
c.Cytoplasm of myofiber
The function of the intercalated disks in
cardiac muscle tissue is to
a.Separate one sarcomere from another
b.Store ATP
c.Slow the rate at which calcium ions are
returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
d.Provide a mechanism by which all of the
cells in a network can contract as a
functional unit
The sliding filament theory states that
when a muscle fiber shortens…
a.Actin filaments become shorter
when they combine with myosin
b.Thin myofilaments are pulled
toward the center of the sarcomere
c.Myosin heads rotate when they
attach to actin, causing them to fold.
The function of calcium ions in skeletal
muscle cell contraction is to
a.Bind to receptors on the sarcolemma
b.Bind to oxygen; for cellular respiration
c.Bind to the thin myofilament (actin)
changing its shape so that the thick
myofilament (myosin) can bind.
Skeletal muscles are stimulated to
contract when…
a.Calcium ions bind to the sarcolemma
b.Acetylcholine binds to receptors on
the sarcolemma, causing the stimulus
to spread through out the muscle cell
c.ATP is released from the sarcoplasmic
reticulum
d.Oxygen binds to the hemoglobin
Sarcomeres are separated from one
another by
a.I bands
b.H zone
c.A bands
d.Z lines
The region of the sarcomere that
contains thin myofilaments, but not
thick myofilaments is the
a.A band
b.I band
c.Z line
d.T-tubule
The aerobic processes of cellular
respiration occur in the
a.Sarcoplasm
b.Mitochondria
c.T-tubules
d.nucleus
The purpose of the sarcoplasmic
reticulum is to
a.Generate ATP
b.Store calcium ions
c.Break down acetylcholine
d.exocytosis
In the absence of oxygen, pyruvic acid
is converted to
a.Creatine
b.Lactic acid
c.ADP
d.Oxygen
Acetylcholine and ____ are the two
neurotransmitters that affect smooth
muscle.
Norepinephrine
Rhythmic motion produced by
smooth muscle is called?
Peristalsis
Muscle fatigue is due to an
accumulation of _____
Lactic acid
The minimal stimulus needed to elicit
a muscle contraction is _____
Threshold stimulus
A broad fibrous sheet of connective
tissue covering adjacent musces is
called?
Aponeurosis
The enlargement of muscle fibers as a
result of physical exercise is called?
Hypertrophy