Transcript General

Chapter 3
Biology
and
Behavior
Puzzles
What common expressions are hidden in
the following puzzles?
NOON GOOD
HE’S HIMSELF
KNEE
LIGHT
ii ii
oo oo
WEAR
LONG
MAN
MOON
SLEEPING
JOB
0
M.D.
Ph. D.
D.D.S
KCART
Fill-in-the-Blanks
1. ST_T_ _
__
_ _B_RT_
2. T_ _NS_ _ _T_T_ _N
3. S_ _ _R_AN
4. _O
NO_
_N_ _R
5. F_ _T_ _LL
6. _ _RS_
F_ _L_
_LA_ _
_ _ _L
7. _ H_ _KS_IVI_ _
8. _L_ _S_
D_
T_ _
_N_ _ _LS!
N_ _
_ _ _D
Test for Dementia
Below are four (4) questions and a bonus question. You have to
answer them instantly. You can't take your time, answer all of
them immediately. OK?
Let's find out just how clever you really are....
First Question:
You are participating in a race. You overtake the
second person. What position are you in?
Answer: If you answered that you are first, then you are
absolutely wrong! If you overtake the second person
and you take his place, you are second!
Try not to screw up next time.
Now, answer the second question, but don't take as much
time as you took for the first question, OK?
Second Question:
If you overtake the last person, then you are . . . ?
(scroll down)
Answer: If you answered that you are second to last,
then you are wrong again.
How can you overtake the LAST person?
You're not very good at this, are you?
Third Question:
Very tricky arithmetic!
Note: This must be done in your head only.
Do NOT use paper and pencil or a calculator.
Take 1000 and add 40 to it. Now add another 1000 . Now add 30.
Add another 1000. Now add 20! Now add another 1000
Now add 10. What is the total?
Did you get 5000?
The correct answer is actually 4100.
If you don't believe it, check it with a calculator!
Today is definitely not your day, is it?
Maybe you'll get the last question right.
...maybe.
Fourth Question:
Mary's father has five daughters: 1. Nana, 2. Nene,
3. Nini, 4. Nono.
What is the name of the fifth daughter?
Did you answer Nunu?
NO! Of course it isn't.
Her name is Mary. Read the question again!
Okay, now the bonus round:
A mute person goes into a shop and wants to buy a
toothbrush. By imitating the action of brushing his teeth,
he successfully expresses himself to the shopkeeper and
the purchase is done.
Next, a blind man who wants to buy a pair of
sunglasses comes into the shop; how does HE
indicate what he wants?
He just has to open his mouth and ask.
Why?
Why?
Why?
Chapter Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
How messages are transmitted by neurons
and the functions of the peripheral nervous
system
Major structures of the brain and the
functions of each structure
How hormones secreted by the major
glands of the endocrine system affect the
body
Role of chromosomes and genes, and the
study methods of heredity.
Brain Communication
CNS and PNS (2)
1) Central Nervous System (CNS) – brain & spinal
cord.
2) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – nerves in the
limbs & trunk that carry information in/out of the
brain.
 Neuron
 Dendrites and Axons
 Synapse
 Neurotransmitters




Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Endorphins
Neurons - Building Blocks
• Building blocks of the brain
• 100 billion neurons
• 30,000 on a pinhead
Neurons are the building blocks of
your brain. They communicate
with each other thousands of
times each second.
Neuron Parts
• Soma: body of
the cell
• Dendrites:
receive messages
• Axon: sends
messages
Neurotransmitters
•Neurotransmitters are the messengers that travel
between one brain cell and another.
• They are chemical signals that neurons use to talk to
each other, which is what makes your brain work.
• They help determine how you feel, think and act.
CNS & PNS
A. Central Nervous System
B. Peripheral Nervous System
B1. Somatic Nervous System
B2. Autonomic Nervous System
1. Cerebrum
2. Brainstem
3. Cerebellum
4. Spinal cord
The Nervous System
1.
Central Nervous System =
Brain + Spinal Cord
2. Peripheral Nervous System =
Nerves to rest of body
• “Sensory” nerves carry messages from
the body to the brain (sensation)
• “Motor” nerves carry messages from
the brain to the body (muscle
movement)
The Central
Nervous System
Spinal Cord
The Peripheral
Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
vs.
Autonomic Nervous System
Effect of Chemical Weapons on CNS and PNS
Parts of the Brain 3-2 (overview all below)

hindbrain
medulla, pons, cerebellum

midbrain
reticular activating system

forebrain
(next slide)
Brainstem:
The brainstem regulates heart rate, breathing,
swallowing, blinking, digesting and more.
Hindbrain
Medulla – involved
in vital functions
(heart rate, blood
pressure, breathing)
Pons – regulates body
movement, attention,
sleep and alertness
Cerebellum
Hindbrain
Coordinates
• most muscles
• learned skills
• movement and timing
Hindbrain
Cerebellum: Switching Station:
Your cerebellum is a busy switching station. It
receives messages from most of the muscles in
your body. It communicates with the other parts
of the brain, and then sends messages about
movement and balance back to your body.
Reticular
Activating
System
Midbrain
Regulates the activity level of the body
(controls central nervous system activity,
including attention, sleep and arousal)
Alcohol’s Effect on Brain
Alcohol turns cells OFF:
in RAS (become sleepy)
 in speech area (slurring)
 in cerebellum (motor control)

Alcohol: What You
Don’t Know
In the Mix: Alcohol:
What You Don’t Know
Guest speaker
Kathy Herring cell 242.1503
 Kim Rainer cell 858.1910

pp. 59-61
p. 62
Forebrain
Thalamus
Relay station for sensory stimulation
Forebrain
Hypothalamus
Regulates basic needs (hunger, thirst,
sexual behavior, caring for offspring
and aggression) and emotions such as
pleasure, fear, rage, and sexuality
sex sermon
Forebrain
Limbic
System
Learning and
memory, emotion,
hunger, sex and
aggression
Forebrain
Cerebral
Cortex
Responsible for very highlevel thought
Corpus
callosum
Forebrain


Nerve bundle that connects left and right
hemispheres
Reason for and effect of surgically severing
corpus callosum
Pieces of Mind video: Split Brain (start at 1:20)
Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex

frontal lobe
 motor
strip
 frontal assoc. area

parietal lobe
 sensory

strip
occipital lobe (seeing “stars”)
 vision

temporal lobe (national anthem)
 hearing
Tasks of the Hemispheres
Left
hemisphere
most language functions
logic
problem solving
math computation
Right
Hemisphere
imagination
art
feelings
spatial relations
How Smart Is Your Right Foot?
While sitting at your desk, lift your
right foot off the floor and make
clockwise circles with it.
Now, while doing this, draw the
number "6" in the air with your right
hand. What happens?
Hemisphere
Activity
Demonstration
&
(PsychSim module #2)
Examining the Brain: Frontal
Association Area (sense of envir. & personality)



Motor Strip Dominance inventory
(demonstration of frontal association area at
work)
Video module #2: Phineas Gage (11:20)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Computerized Axial
Tomography (CAT scan)
Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging
(MRI)
The Cerebral Cortex:
These special scans use computerized x-rays and
magnetic fields to show the parts of the brain. The
scans give doctors and scientists a picture of how the
brain is working.
Positron
Emission
Tomography
PET is one of the newest, most advanced methods for
studying organs in the body such as the brain. Like an
X-ray, or MRI scan PET is painless and relatively
noninvasive (i.e., no surgery or opening of the body is
required). Unlike X-rays and traditional MRI, PET
does not produce a picture of the "structure" or
anatomy of the brain, but rather it gives an image
of brain "function" or physiology. In other words, it
can be used to image what the brain is doing.
Brain Model Observation
Form groups of 4.
 Define terms on sheet.
 In 4 minutes, groups examine model of
brain to locate each item.

Endocrine System 3-3
The system containing all the glands
and their chemical messages
Looking at the Endocrine System
(aka, Glandular System)
Hormones
 Glands
 Pituitary Gland
 Thyroid Gland
 Adrenal Glands
 Gonads

The system containing
all the glands and their
chemical messages
Hormones
Chemical
regulators distributed in the
bloodstream
Match up with receptors that have the same
molecular structure (target cell)
Glands
Storage
receptacles
throughout
the body
that contain
hormones
Effect of too much/little HGH?
At just 1’ 11” tall, she is dwarfed by her neighbor's baby,
but Jyoti Amge is 15 years old.
The teenager, who is the world's smallest girl according to
the Indian Book of Records, has a form of dwarfism called
achondroplasia. Now fully grown, she weighs just 11 lbs.
Dictionary: gigantism
(jī-găn'tĭz'əm)
1. The quality or state of
being gigantic; abnormally
large size.
2. Excessive growth of the
body or any of its parts,
especially as a result of
oversecretion of the growth
hormone by the pituitary
gland. Also called giantism.
Pituitary Gland
1)
2)
Master gland that controls all
other glands of the body
Secretes the growth hormone
hyper-active
vs.
hypo-active
Thyroid Gland
Controls and regulates metabolism,
the speed at which the body operates.
Hey!
Adrenal Glands (Sorry about that.)
Prepare body for emergency
Physical effects
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gonads
Reproductive organs
Female sex hormone
estrogen
Male sex hormone
testosterone
Heredity
traits - mental and physical
Genes basic building blocks of heredity found in
threadlike structures called chromosomes
Twins
Chromosomes
23 singles
combine at
conception
into 23 pairs
Current “life” issues
Abortion
Euthanasia
Cloning
(next slide)
did
CNN Segment 2
Video: Twin Studies
Twins:
monozygotic or dizygotic?
Video:
Autism: Ed
Chapter 3 Conclusion
Chapter 3 Review
Pictionary (3x5 cards)
Chapter 3 Test
Question
Team #1A – Which system
involves thinking, dreaming and
feeling?
Draw
neuron
Team #2A - Name four
lobes of the brain.
corpus callosum
Team #1B - Define
nature vs. nurture.
twins
Team #2B - What is
another name for the
“glandular system”?
gonads