Transcript Document

29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
KEY CONCEPT
The central nervous system interprets information,
and the peripheral nervous system gathers and
transmits information.
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
The nervous system’s two parts work together.
• The Central Nervous System
(CNS) includes the brain, and
spinal cord. Processes
information.
• The Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS) includes four
systems of nerves and links
the CNS to muscles and
organs.
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
The CNS:
• The brain has three parts.
1. cerebrum controls
thought, movement,
emotion
2. cerebellum allows for
balance so body can
move smoothly
3. brain stem
controls basic life
functions
Brain
stem
(breathing, heart
beat)
midbrain
pons
medulla
oblongata
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
• The brain stem has three parts.
– midbrain controls some
reflexes
– pons regulates breathing
– medulla oblongata connects
the brain and spinal cord
and controls heart function,
swallowing, coughing,
vomiting
midbrain
pons
medulla
oblongata
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
Lobes of the Brain
•
•
•
•
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
Frontal Lobe
• The Frontal Lobe of the brain is located deep in the
Frontal Bone of the skull.
• It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions:
– Memory formation
– Emotions
– Decision making/Reasoning
– Personality
Last part of the brain to fully
develop.
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
Parietal Lobe
• The Parietal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the
Parietal Bone of the skull.
• Two major divisions
– Anterior and posterior
• Senses hot and cold, hard and soft, and pain.
• Taste and smell
• Helps integrate the senses
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
Occipital Lobe
• The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located deep to the
Occipital Bone of the Skull.
• Its primary function is the processing, integration and
interpretation of VISION and visual stimuli.
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
Temporal Lobe
• The Temporal Lobes are located on the sides of the
brain, deep to the Temporal Bones of the skull.
• They play an integral role in the following functions:
– Hearing
– Organization/Comprehension of language
– Information Retrieval
(Memory)
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
Brain Hemispheres
• The brain's right hemisphere controls the muscles on the
left side of the body, while the left hemisphere controls
the muscles on the right side of the human body.
• When you wink your right eye, that's the left side of your
brain at work. Because of this crisscross wiring, damage
to one side of the brain affects the opposite side of the
body.
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
Left Hemisphere
- processes things more in parts and
sequentially
- recognizes positive emotions
- Identified with practicality and
rationality
- Understands symbols and
representations
- Processes rapid auditory information
faster than the right (crucial for
separating the sounds of speech into
distinct units for comprehension)
- is responsible for language
development. It develops slower in
boys, that is why males usually develop
more language problems than females.
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
Right Hemisphere
- Recognizes negative emotions
- High level mathematicians,
problem solvers, and chess
players use
- The “non-verbal” side
- Responds to touch and music
(sensory)
- Intuitive
- Responsive to color and shape
- Emotional and originative
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
Taking Sides!
What information each side recognizes:
Left Brain
Letters
Numbers
Words
Right Brain
Faces
Places
Objects
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
The Peripheral Nervous System: Collection of nerves
that links the CNS to muscles and other organs
(Sensory neurons/motor neurons)
The somatic nervous
system regulates
voluntary movements
Ex: Walking
The autonomic nervous system
controls involuntary functions
Ex: Digestion
– parasympathetic – sympathetic nervous
system: action and
nervous system:
stress (Fight or Flight)
calms the body,
conserves
energy
*Maintain homeostasis
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
Reflex arc- A simple pathway, including only a few neurons, that
carry out the simplest responses…reflexes.
Reflexes – automatic, subconscious responses to external or
internal stimuli
• Maintain homeostasis by controlling: heart rate, breathing
rate, blood pressure, digestion, swallowing, sneezing,
coughing, and vomiting
15
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
• The spinal cord controls reflexes.
– sensory neuron sends impulse to spinal cord
– spinal cord directs impulse to motor neuron
– does not involve the brain!!!!
interneuron
motor neurons
sensory neuron