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29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems Sponge 5 1) Sensory neurons: detect stimuli and transmit signals to the brain and the spinal cord 2) Interneurons: receive signals from sensory neurons and relay them within the brain and spinal cord 3) Motor neurons: pass messages from the nervous system to the other tissues in the body, such as muscles Please use your personal experiences, or others’ experiences to give examples of each. Ex: Sensory neurons: When I touch boiling water my sense of touch will transmit a signal to my brain. My interneurons receive the signal and process that the water is hot. My motor neurons allow me to move my hand away from the water. Set Cornell Notes on pg. 29.4upCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systems 43 29.4 Central 2.1 Atoms, Ions,and Peripheral Nervous and Molecules System •Topic: 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous System •Essential Question(s): 1. On pg. 42 fill out the tree map with descriptions (function/examples) of each part of the nervous system 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems KEY CONCEPT The central nervous system interprets information, and the peripheral nervous system gathers and transmits information. 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems The Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Function Function Brain Spinal Cord Reflexes Cerebellum Cerebrum Function Function Brainstem Examples Function Function Examples Somatic N.S. Autonomic N.S. Function Example Function Example Sympathetic N.S. Examples Parasympathetic N.S. Pons Midbrain Function Function Medulla Oblongata Function Examples Function Examples Function Examples 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems The nervous system’s two parts work together. • The Central Nervous System (CNS) includes the brain, and spinal cord. Processes information. • The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) includes four systems of nerves and links the CNS to muscles and organs. 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems If you have a question, you will raise your hand to ask it. How do your CNS and PNS work together to allow you to raise your hand? Your CNS passes a signal to a motor neuron in your PNS causing you to raise your hand. 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems The CNS: • The brain has three parts. 1. cerebrum controls thought, movement, emotion 2. cerebellum allows for balance so body can move smoothly 3. brain stem controls basic life functions Brain stem (breathing, heart beat) midbrain pons medulla oblongata 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems • The brain stem has three parts. – midbrain controls some reflexes – pons regulates breathing – medulla oblongata connects the brain and spinal cord and controls heart function, swallowing, coughing, vomiting midbrain pons medulla oblongata 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems The Peripheral Nervous System: Collection of nerves that links the CNS to muscles and other organs (Sensory neurons/motor neurons) The somatic nervous system regulates voluntary movements Ex: Walking The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions Ex: Digestion – parasympathetic – sympathetic nervous system: action and nervous system: stress (Fight or Flight) calms the body, conserves energy *Maintain homeostasis 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems • The CNS and PNS pass signals between one another. 1. Sensory receptors in PNS generate an impulse • PNS passes impulse to CNS 2.CNS interprets impulse • CNS passes impulse to PNS. 3. PNS stimulates a response 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems Reflex arc- A simple pathway, including only a few neurons, that carry out the simplest responses…reflexes. Reflexes – automatic, subconscious responses to external or internal stimuli • Maintain homeostasis by controlling: heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, digestion, swallowing, sneezing, coughing, and vomiting 12 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems • The spinal cord controls reflexes. – sensory neuron sends impulse to spinal cord – spinal cord directs impulse to motor neuron – does not involve the brain!!!! interneuron motor neurons sensory neuron 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems Label the parts of this reflex arc: 1 5 3 Spinal Cord 4 2 Key: Effector Motor Neuron Sensory Neuron Receptor Interneuron 14 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems 1 Receptor 5 Effector 3 Interneuron Spinal cord 4 motor neuron 2 Sensory neuron 15 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems ReceptorSensory neuron Interneuron Motor neuronEffector 16