Transcript WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

Basic Tasks of the Nervous System
Sensation: Monitor
both external and
internal environments.
Integration: Process
the information and
often integrate it with
stored sensory
information.
Regulation and
Control: If necessary,
signal effector organs
to make an appropriate
response.
Coordination: of both voluntary and
involuntary muscle movements
WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?
• Brain
• Spinal Cord
• Peripheral Nerves
Structure of a Vertebrate Neuron
Myelinated Neurons
• Many vertebrate peripheral neurons have an insulating sheath around
the axon called myelin which is formed by Schwann cells.
• Myelin sheathing allows these neurons to conduct nerve impulses
faster than in non-myelinated neurons.
How are neurons connected?
• Synapses!!
Why are neurons connected?
Close up look at your synapse
AXON
What is this in
the membrane?
The synapse - where
the action happens
The next cell’s plasma
membrane
Transport
protein
How does the Synapse carry the signal?
1. Action potential travels down the axon until it reaches the
synapse. The action potential will NOT move across the
synapse.
2. Vesicles with neurotransmitters move toward the membrane
3. Chemicals are released into the synaptic cleft and diffuse
toward the next cell’s plasma membrane
4. The chemicals open up the transport proteins and allow the
signal to pass to the next cell
Saltatory Conduction in Myelinated Axons
Myelin sheathing has bare patches of axon called nodes of Ranvier
Action potentials jump from node to node
Fig. 48.11
The synapse carries a signal from cell to cell
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REFERENCES
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http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/facts.html
http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/campbell6e_awl/chapt
er0/deluxe.html
JOSHSANESPPT.PPT
www.alfamilyties.org/presentations/The%20Neurobiology%20of%20Adole
scent%20Substance%20Abuse%20II.ppt
http://www.nsbri.org/Education/High_Act.html
http://www.pfizer.com/brain/teachers_html.html
http://www.research.buffalo.edu/quarterly/vol10/num01/n1.shtml
http://www.aim-digest.com/gateway/pages/brain/articles/myths.htm
http://www.nida.nih.gov/pubs/teaching/Teaching5/Teaching3.html
http://www.accessexcellence.com/AE/
http://psych.colorado.edu/~kenth/Image14.gif
• Cell body: functional
portion
• Dendrites: short
extensions that receive
signals
• Axon: long extension
that transmits impulses
away
Nerve Impulse - The Action Potential
Threshold potential will trigger
an action potential or nerve
impulse
The action potential is an all-ornone response
Conduction Velocity
Types of chemical synapse
• Cholinergic Synapses
– Acetylcholine
– neuromuscular junctions, glands, brain and spinal
cord
• Adrenergic ( EPSP)
– Norepinepherine
– affects brain regions concerned with emotions,
dreaming
• Dopamine ( IPSP)
– Inhibits neurotranmission of the nerve impulses
Dura mater is being
peeled away in this
photo.
10.VENTRICLES OF THE
BRAIN
Fluid filled cavities, contain CSF
CEREBRUM wrinkly large
part of the
brain, largest
area in
humans,
higher mental
function
1. Cerebral Hemispheres
- left and right side separated by the ....
2. Corpus
Callosum
- connects the
two
hemispheres
Corpus callosum
Diencephalon
CEREBELLUM
• Balance and coordination
Brain Stem regulates
visceral
functions
(autonomic
system)
Figure 13.4
The Cerebral Hemispheres
Figure 13.7b, c
Take the Left Brain – Right Brain Test
3. Convolutions of the Brain
- the wrinkles
and grooves of
the cerebrum
Fissures = deep groove
Sulcus = shallow groove
Gyrus = bump
4. Fissures – separate lobes
Longitudinal fissure - separate right and left sides
Transverse Fissure - separates cerebrum from
cerebellum
LOBES OF THE BRAIN
(CEREBRUM)
Figure 13.7a
Sulcus = groove
Gyrus = raised bump
Fissure = deep groove