Transcript Chapter 34 PowerPoint

Chapter 34:
Franklin D.
Roosevelt and the
Shadow of War 19331941
London Economic Conference
Tydings–McDuffie Act
The was a meeting of representatives of
66 nations from June 12 to July 27, 1933,
at the Geological Museum in London.
Officially the Philippine Independence Act,
enacted March 24, 1934, was a United
States federal law which provided for selfgovernment of the Philippines and for
Filipino independence from the United
States after a period of ten years.
Its purpose was to win agreement on
measures to fight global depression, revive
international trade, and stabilize currency
exchange rates.
The Conference was "torpedoed" by U.S.
President Roosevelt in early July, when
Roosevelt denounced currency
stabilization.
Good Neighbor policy
The Good Neighbor policy was the
foreign policy of the administration
of United States President Franklin
Roosevelt toward the countries of
Latin America.
The policy's main principle was
that of non-intervention and noninterference in the domestic affairs
of Latin America.
It also reinforced the idea that the
United States would be a “good
neighbor” and engage in reciprocal
exchanges with Latin American
countries.
Overall, the Roosevelt
administration expected that this
new policy would create new
economic opportunities in the form
of reciprocal trade agreements and
reassert the influence of the United
States in Latin America; however,
many Latin American governments
were not convinced.
The Reciprocal Tariff Act
The Reciprocal Tariff Act (enacted June 12,
1934) provided for the negotiation of tariff
agreements between the United States and
separate nations, particularly Latin
American countries.
The Act served as an institutional reform
intended to authorize the president to
negotiate with foreign nations to reduce
tariffs in return for reciprocal reductions in
tariffs in the United States.
It resulted in a reduction of duties and gave
the president power to negotiate bilateral,
reciprocal trade agreements with other
countries.
This law enabled Roosevelt to liberalize
American trade policy around the globe. It is
widely credited with ushering in the era of
liberal trade policy that persists to this day.
U.S.S.R.
ITALY
GERMANY
JAPAN
The Neutrality Acts were passed by the
United States Congress in the 1930s, in
response to the growing turmoil in Europe and
Asia that eventually led to World War II.
They were spurred by the growth in
isolationism and non-interventionism in the
US following its costly involvement in World
War I, and sought to ensure that the US would
not become entangled again in foreign
conflicts.
The Neutrality Acts are widely regarded as
having been generally negative: they made no
distinction between aggressor and victim,
treating both equally as "belligerents"; and
they limited the US government's ability to aid
Britain and France against Nazi Germany.
TESTING GROUND: THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR: 1936 - 1939
REPUBLICAN
DEMOCRATIC
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GOVERNMENT
SUPPORTED BY:
FRANCO FASCIST
NATIONALISTS
USSR
NAZI GERMANY
INTERNATIONAL
BRIGADES
FASCIST ITALY
SUPPORTED BY:
THE DEMOCRACIES REACT:
BRITAIN,FRANCE AND THE UNITED
STATES REMAINED NEUTRAL AND
REFUSED TO AID EITHER SIDE
BECAUSE THEY DID NOT WANT TO
FIGHT ANOTHER WAR
THIS ACTUALLY HELPED FRANCO WIN
BECAUSE HITLER & MUSSOLINI GAVE
SUBSTANTIAL MILITARY AID
HITLER BEGINS HIS MARCH TO WORLD CONQUEST LEADING TO WORLD WAR II
1935 HITLER DECLARES
GERMANY WILL REARM IN
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VIOLATION
OF THE TREATY OF
VERSAILLES
MARCH 1936 HITLER SENDS
GERMAN SOLDIERS TO
REOCCUPY THE RHINELAND,
NEXT TO FRANCE, VIOLATING
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
MARCH 1938 HITLER TAKES OVER
AUSTRIA AND TURNS IT INTO A
GERMAN PROVINCE KNOWN AS
OSTMARK
SEPTEMBER 1938 HITLER
DEMANDS AND IS GIVEN THE
STRATEGIC CZECHOSLOVAKIAN
SUDETENLAND WITHOUT A FIGHT
MARCH 1939 HITLER TAKES OVER
THE REST OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
SEPTEMBER 1, 1939 HITLER
INVADES POLAND
SEPTEMBER 3, 1939, BRITAIN
AND FRANCE DECLARE WAR ON
GERMANY AND WORLD WAR TWO
BEGINS
EUROPEAN LEADERS AT THE MUNICH CONFERENCE THAT GAVE THE SUDETENLAND TO
HITLER. A PRIME EXAMPLE OF APPEASEMENT. NO REPRESENTATIVE FROM
CZECHOSLOVAKIA WAS INVITED TO ATTEND.
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NEVILLE
CHAMBERLAIN
“PEACE IN OUR TIME”
EDOUARD
DALADIER
HITLER WANTED TO AVOID FIGHTING ON TWO FRONTS AT ONE TIME
THE WORLD IS SHOCKED WHEN TWO BITTER ENEMIES, GERMANY AND THE USSR, SIGN A
NONAGGRESSION PACT IN AUGUST 1939 PROMISING NOT TO ATTACK EACH OTHER
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HITLER INVADES POLAND: SEPTEMBER 1, 1939
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HITLER CONQUERS DENMARK,
NORWAY, NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM,
AND LUXEMBOURG
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GREAT BRITAIN GETS A NEW PRIME MINISTER: WINSTON CHURCHILL
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RADAR PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN
DEFEATING THE GERMAN AIR FORCE AND
PREVENTING HITLER FROM INVADING BRITAIN
THE LONDON BLITZ: GERMANS TURN THEIR BOMBERS AGAINST LONDON AND OTHER
BRITISH CITIES
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The Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 enacted September 16, 1940,was the first
peacetime conscription in United States history.
This Selective Service Act required that men between the ages of 21 and 35 register with
local draft boards.
Later, when the U.S. entered World War II, all men aged 18 to 45 were made subject to
military service, and all men aged 18 to 65 were required to register.
The Destroyer Deal:
The September 2, 1940 Destroyers for Bases Agreement, whereby 50 US Navy
destroyers were transferred to the Royal Navy and the Royal Canadian Navy in
exchange for basing rights in the Caribbean.
Winston Churchill also granted the US base rights in Bermuda and
Newfoundland gratis, allowing British military assets to be redeployed.
THE UNITED STATES BECAME INVOLVED BY SUPPLYING WAR MATERIALS FOR THE
ALLIES
Lend-Lease enacted March 11, 1941 was a program under which the United States supplied
Great Britain, the USSR, Republic of China, Free France, and other Allied nations with
materiel16between 1941 and August 1945. It effectively ended the United States' pretense of
neutrality.
THE SS ROBIN MOOR WAS CLEARLY
MARKED AS MERCHANT VESSEL FROM THE
USA
OPERATION BARBAROSSA
CHURCHILL AND FDR MEET AND AGREED ON THE POSTWAR WORLD: THE ATLANTIC
CHARTER
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THE US PUT AN OIL EMBARGO ON JAPAN. SINCE JAPAN RECEIVED
80% OF ITS IMPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES, THEY WERE
FORCED TO MODIFY THEIR CONSUMPTION.
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USING HORSE CARTS FOR DELIVERIES TO SAVE
GAS
USING COAL TO FUEL CARS
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